Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: The Dynamics of People Power in the Twentieth Century, <i>by Peter Ackerman, Christopher Kruegler</i>

Quester, George H.; Ackerman, Peter; Kruegler, Christopher

doi:10.2307/2151869

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The study of nonviolent protest in the United States is, in many ways, undoubtedly rich. While early scholarship on collective action viewed social movements as nonrational, spontaneous and largely unstructured phenomena, Civil Rights Movement scholars directly challenged these ideas to argue that movements were organized, rational, strategic and directly shaped by both institutional and political pressures (Lipsky, 1968;Smith, 1968;Cantor, 1969;Ackerman & Kruegler, 1994;Morris, 1999). 2 This research set the foundation for scholars to systematically examine protest and collective action events as a specific class of data.…”

Section: Data On Protests In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data innovations on protests in the United States

Dorff

Adcox

Konet

2023

Journal of Peace Research

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For decades, the United States has been generally excluded from cross-national quantitative datasets on the study of collective action and political resistance. More recently, however, new data collection efforts are on the rise. These projects specifically focus on gathering granular level information about street protests and mobilizations in the United States. In this article, we conduct a rigorous exploratory data analysis of three contemporary protest datasets. These data collect information about the when, where and how of contentious politics in the United States. Our thorough data review first summarizes the key similarities and differences across the datasets. Next, we review the regional, temporal and methodological strengths and weaknesses of each dataset both individually and in contrast to one another. Last, we examine potential research applications of these data by demonstrating what these data reveal about the risks of protesting in these types of events. We conclude by offering recommendations for data use and future data collection strategies for the study of collective action.

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Section: Data On Protests In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data innovations on protests in the United States

Dorff

Adcox

Konet

2023

Journal of Peace Research

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“…At this point in time, the study of civil resistance was indeed a narrowly focused enterprise when compared to the interdisciplinary nature of social movement studies. Building on Sharp's work, a number of qualitative studies on nonviolence were published in the 1990s (Ackerman and Kruegler, 1994;Zunes, 1997). By the 2000s, quantitative research on civil resistance emerged.…”

Section: Nonviolence As a Causal Determinant Of Political Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last two decades, nonviolent civil resistance (also referred to as civil resistance, nonviolence, passive resistance, people power, and peaceful protest) has garnered increased interest among social scientists. Proponents of nonviolence have emphasized that it is a realistic practice that can be used by regular people who are in search of socio-political change (Ackerman and Kruegler, 1994;Sharp, 1973aSharp, , 1973bSharp, , 1973cSharp, , 1980Zunes, 1997). In social science, political scientists have identified positive correlations between large-scale nonviolent collective action and outcomes such as policy change, regime transition, and democratization (Ackerman and Duvall, 2000;Celestino and Gleditsch, 2013;Stephan, 2008, 2011;Nepstad, 2011;Schock, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While early inquiry on civil resistance was based on comparative case studies of successful nonviolent revolutions (Ackerman and Kruegler, 1994;Sharp, 1973aSharp, , 1989, it was only around a decade ago when Chenoweth and Stephan's (2008) statistical (econometric) study was published in the journal International Security. Here the first quantitative assessment of nonviolence was produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Debunking the Myths Behind Nonviolent Civil Resistance

Anisin

2020

Critical Sociology

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Scholars argue that nonviolence is likelier to cause political change in comparison to other strategies, including violence. This study identifies issues throughout this literature ranging from coding procedures, observational sampling, to interpretations of phenomena. If unarmed violence, reactive violence, and omitted cases are analyzed, nonviolent success rates are worse than formerly considered. Inclusion of 19th century (1800–1900) cases and previously unanalyzed cases from the 20th century reveals that nonviolent campaigns experienced a 48% rate of success, whereas campaigns that adopted unarmed violence were 61% successful, campaigns utilizing reactive unarmed violence were 60% successful, and 30% of fully violent campaigns were successful. Nonviolence is not a causal determinant of political change, but rather, its implementation falls short of a probabilistic coin toss. There is reason to presume this literature is biased toward elite interests in similar ways to how scientific inquiry on dietary and substance guidelines has historically been skewed by corporatism.

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“…Note that most of these authors prefer to denote revolutions as “maximalist campaigns”. Following Ackerman and Kruegler (1994, p. 10–11), Chenoweth and Stephan (2011, p. 14) define “campaign” as “a series of observable, continual, purposive mass tactics in pursuit of a political objective.” What is more, the abovementioned studies consider campaigns “with goals that are perceived as maximalist (fundamentally altering the political order); …we deliberately choose campaigns with goals commonly perceived to be maximalist in nature: regime change, antioccupation, and secession” (Chenoweth & Stephan, 2011, p. 68). Thus, the abovementioned works study “series of observable, continual, purposive mass tactics in pursuit of fundamentally altering the political order: regime change, antioccupation, and secession”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education and Revolutions: Why do Revolutionary Uprisings Take Violent or Nonviolent Forms?

Ustyuzhanin

Korotayev

2023

Cross-Cultural Research

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Is there a relationship between education and the type of revolutionary action – violent or nonviolent? Past studies found a positive relationship between the education and nonviolence, but the influence that education produces on the form that revolution takes has not yet been explored. We show several possible mechanisms that push the educated population to choose nonviolent tactic: (1) education changes people’s preferences toward peaceful solutions and increases support for civil liberties; (2) it enhances human capital that makes it feasible to use unarmed tactics successfully and (3) it increases the relative costs of engaging in armed action. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the higher education in a country, the higher the probability that revolution will be nonviolent. This paper examines it at a cross-national level with an analysis of 470 NAVCO ‘maximalist campaigns’ and 265 revolutionary events recorded between 1950 and 2020. Overall, we find robust evidence that the higher the level of education in a country, the lower chance that the revolution there would take a violent/armed form.

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Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: The Dynamics of People Power in the Twentieth Century, by Peter Ackerman, Christopher Kruegler

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Data innovations on protests in the United States

Data innovations on protests in the United States

Debunking the Myths Behind Nonviolent Civil Resistance

Education and Revolutions: Why do Revolutionary Uprisings Take Violent or Nonviolent Forms?

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