“…Global trade in healthcare services or medical tourism is influenced by medical, cultural, economic, technological, security and global political factors (Connell, 2013; Han and Hyun, 2015; Habibi et al. , 2022; Hanefeld and Smith, 2019; Haq and Medhekar, 2020; Lunt and Mannion, 2014; Malhotra and Dave, 2022). By 4 April 2022, the Joint Commission International (JCI) has accredited 210 healthcare organizations in the UAE, which is the highest number among all countries (JCI, 2016).…”