Strategic Development of Piezoelectric Nanogenerator and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Nanogenerators are the backbone of self-powered systems and they have been explored for application in miniaturized biomedical devices, such as pacemakers. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have several advantages, including their high efficiency, low cost, and facile fabrication processes, which have made them one of the most promising nano power sources for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. In this study, we review the recent major progress in the field of PENGs. Various approaches, such as morphology tuning, doping, and compositing active materials, which have been explored to improve the efficiency of PENGs, are discussed in depth. Major emphasis is given to material tailoring strategies and PENG fabrication approaches, such as 3D printing, and their applications in the biomedical field. Moreover, hybrid nanogenerators (HNG), which have evolved over the last few years, are discussed. Finally, the current key challenges and future directions in this field are presented.

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions: current status and future prospect as a universal memory

“…In line with the FE displacement of the barrier layer as BTO, the tunneling conductance significantly decreases. Apart from the inorganic oxides (Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 , BTO, BFO, and (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 ), TER effect was demonstrated by the organic barriers, specifically the copolymer films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 70%trichloroethylene (TrFE) 30% (Pawar et al, 2023). Researchers noticed the apparent change when the polarization was reversed and was accompanied by an I-V diode.…”

Surface Charge: An Advantage for the Piezoelectric Properties of GaN Nanowires

“…Particularly, output signals up to 470 mV per nanowire [12] have been reported. Rapidly, nanogenerators integrating NWs have been demonstrated based on two main configurations: the lateral nanowire integrated nanogenerators (LINGs) and the vertical nanowire integrated nanogenerators (VINGs) [16]. While these nanogenerators can deliver output power densities reaching up to a few tens of µW/cm 2 or a few mW/cm 3 under laboratory conditions [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], their piezoelectric response remains very sensitive to their measurement conditions and environment.…”

Tuning the Electromechanical Response of P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnSnO3-Based Binary Piezoelectric Composites for Biomechanical Energy-Harvesting and Self-Powered Mechanosensing

“…Mechanical energy harvesting by using polymer-based flexible piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid devices is perhaps the most widely studied research topic in present days, especially in the field of strain sensing, vibration sensing, and small electronics. , Due to their excellent performance, they are now being used in biomedical fields and healthcare monitoring too. , For this purpose, different non-piezoelectric polymers like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), ecoflex, etc., hydrogels like poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), gelatine, etc., and piezoelectric polymers like poly­(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its co/ter-polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), cellulose, nylon-11, poly­(vinyl chloride) (PVC), etc. have been utilized by researchers all over the globe.…”