Strategic analysis of intimate partner violence (IPV) and cycle of violence in the autobiographical text –When I Hit You

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a globally pervasive public health and medical problem in addition to being a serious violation of women’s rights. The two-fold objectives of this study were to compute the lifetime prevalence and correlates of IPV perpetrated by current/former husbands/partners of ever-married women aged 15–49 years using the nationally representative Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2019; ethnicity-based levels and trends of IPV were also computed using the data from the DHS conducted in 2013 along with the 2019 DHS.MethodsTwelve IPV correlates pertaining to socio-demographic, attitudinal, and experiential attributes were analyzed using logistic regression models for bivariate and multivariable analysis. IPV was computed as a composite variable comprising of physical, emotional, and/or sexual IPV.ResultsLifetime prevalence of experiencing any kind of IPV was a staggering 60.81%, whereas emotional, physical, and sexual IPV prevalence were reported by 45.90%, 49.81%, and 8.14% of the respondents, respectively. No ethnicity reported a statistically significant decrease in any type of IPV during the intervening period between the two surveys. Five out of nine ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in emotional IPV, while few ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in one or more types of IPV.ConclusionThe high lifetime prevalence of IPV is alarming and points to the need for targeted health promotion campaigns to reverse the tide of IPV in Sierra Leone, including focusing on changes in cultural and ethnicity-based norms and mores to ensure women’s human rights are respected and upheld.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys

Shaikh

2023

“…The research conducted on the presumption of the women in the involvement of men in child-rearing showed that women felt superior in their involvement in rearing their child compared to the role of the child’s father ( 48 ). Women are affected more psychologically due to the violent activity of their partners ( 49 ). Bodenmann ( 50 ) stated that married couples undergo external stress for reasons such as financial conditions or reasons that are outside their control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding women’s suffering and psychological well-being: exploring biopsychosocial factors in mothers of children with ADHD – a case study

Angeline,

Rathnasabapathy

2023

OverviewParents play a dynamic part in child development. Mothers have a great responsibility towards the upbringing child. Previous research has demonstrated that parenting stress levels are high among Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).AimParenting stress affects the psychological well-being of the mother. It is necessary to identify the factors that affect psychological well-being based on Biopsychosocial factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors.MethodologyAn in-depth case study was conducted with the mother of a 7-year-old child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.ResultsThe mother lacks self-efficacy and low perceived social support in. Equipping themselves and building up the knowledge on handling the child and training the child with the developmental disorder increase parenting self-efficacy. Support from family, partner, and society will help them strengthen themselves and may have high psychological support.

“…It is inevitable to consider that there are various human experiences that can lead to stress, encompassing a wide variety of aspects and situations ( 25 ). However, stress related to IPV is unique, especially due to the cyclical nature of violence, characterized by a period of progressive tension followed by an act of violence, then a relatively calm phase, and again followed by progressive tension ( 7 , 26 ). Other elements of the IPV experience, such as intensity, duration, the victim's perception of their situation, coexistence with the aggressor, the presence of other concurrent stressors, and post-traumatic symptoms, should be considered ( 7 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research, such as that conducted by Sangeetha et al ( 26 ), suggests that expanding the investigation of IPV based on the Walker Cycle of Violence is a promising path to strengthen efforts to improve the wellbeing of women and eliminate the cycle of violence that makes them victims. Moreover, it raises awareness among women to leave abusive relationships and live independently.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between perceived stress and history of intimate partner violence throughout life and during the COVID-19 pandemic

da Costa Siqueira,

de Melo Batista,

Marabotti Costa Leite

2023

IntroductionIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue, characterized by being a highly stressful experience for its victims. The relationship between IPV and stress creates a harmful cycle with broad health implications, affecting individuals and society at large. Despite its significance, there's a noticeable lack of research on this topic, especially regarding IPV throughout one's life and during the pandemic.ObjectiveTo verify the association between perceived stress and the history of intimate partner violence throughout life and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsAnalytical cross-sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 1,086 women. Sociodemographic information and violence history, assessed using the World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO VAW STUDY), along with perceived stress measured by the short version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), were collected. The sampling process unfolded through multiple stages. For bivariate analyses, the t-test and ANOVA were performed, whereas for multivariate analyses simple and multiple linear regression were performed. The software Stata® version 15.1 and R® were used.ResultsWomen who reported having suffered intimate partner violence throughout their lives had higher means of stress (18.49), with an average increase of 4 points without adjustments and 3.5 points after adjustments for sociodemographic variables. Similarly, during the COVID-19 pandemic (19.01), stress increased by an average of 3.3 points, which was reduced to 2.8 points after adjustments.ConclusionThe results indicate an association between intimate partner violence and an increase in women's perceived stress, both throughout life and during the pandemic. The importance of preventive approaches, promoting gender equality and preventing IPV from the early stages of life is highlighted. In addition, they underscore the urgency of evidence-based interventions of a comprehensive nature to deal with this complex issue in a careful and effective manner. The cross-sectional nature of this study limits the inference of causality, and an additional limitation is acknowledged concerning information bias. This bias relates to the multifaceted issues surrounding the concept of violence, potentially influencing the accuracy of participants' information and complicating the measurement of violence.