Stranger danger: A meta-analysis of the dear enemy hypothesis

Werba, Jo A.; Stuckert, Adam M. M.; Edwards, Matthew; McCoy, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104542

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…In species exchanging vocal signals to modulate interactions among territorial males during the breeding season, the dear-enemy-effect is characterized by a reduced response to calls produced by a neighbouring male compared to calls from a stranger one. This phenomenon is well known and widespread within bird species (for review see Werba et al, 2022), but is poorly studied in mammals (Roux & Jouventin, 1987;Tripovich et al, 2008;Trefry & Hik, 2009;Wilson et al, 2015;Thévenet et al, 2022). Our results revealed that territorial Cape fur seal males responded more strongly to their neighbour's bark broadcasted from an incongruent location than to a stranger territorial male's bark broadcasted from the same location.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…Across species, the use of vocal signals plays a major role in individual recognition processes such as male-male recognition (Bradbury & Vehrencamp, 2011) and consequently, in the dear-enemy effect (Temeles, 1994). Most studies that have examined neighbour-stranger vocal recognition between territorial males have focused on passerine (for review see Werba et al, 2022) and non-passerine birds (e.g. Radford, 2005;Hardouin et al, 2006;Mager et al, 2010), and to a lesser extent on amphibians (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Good fences make good neighbours: territorial male Cape fur seals use spatial acoustic map of neighbours

Martin

Gridley

Elwen

et al. 2023

Behav.

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In territorial species, individual recognition among neighbouring males is likely to reduce energy expenses and risk of injury associated with the costly period of maintaining territory during the breeding season. This study explored neighbour–stranger vocal recognition in male Cape fur seals, one of the most colonial and polygynous mammals. Playback experiments revealed that territorial males were able to recognise the calls of their neighbours, in combination with their relative spatial position to their own harem. No ‘dear-enemy’ nor ‘nasty neighbour’ effects were detected. However, the strongest responses observed were towards the calls of familiar neighbours played back from an incongruent location, simulating a situation in which a neighbour is outside its own territory. The colony structure and movements of the seals across the day could explain such results. This study has implications for understanding how vocal signals regulate interactions among males in polygynous mammals, particularly during the competitive mating period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good fences make good neighbours: territorial male Cape fur seals use spatial acoustic map of neighbours

Martin

Gridley

Elwen

et al. 2023

Behav.

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“…One possible explanation for these observations may be that convict cichlid pairs bene t from proximity to other pairs due to shared defense against predators and intruders. The reduction in aggression to familiar near neighbors can be bene cial through dear enemy recognition (reviewed by Werba et al 2022). Convict cichlids are known to express dear enemy recognition towards conspeci cs (Leiser and Itzkowitz 1999) and dear enemy recognition has been shown towards heterospeci cs in other species including cichlids (Ochi et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convict cichlid parental defense behavior towards conspecific and heterospecific parental pairs influences natural pair distribution

Santangelo

Lane

Breukelen

2023

Preprint

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Parental defense is risky, so parents balance the costs and benefits to make context-dependent decisions based on the type of threat which may impact pair distribution. Our previous field studies in convict cichlids, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, showed that the risk of brood mixing impacts aggression towards conspecific intruders. We also observed that parental pairs seem to distribute differently in relation to conspecifics versus heterospecific pairs. Parental aggression appeared to vary depending on species, with more aggression towards conspecifics than heterospecifics at closer distances. Here, we mapped pair distribution identifying pairs with neighbors within 3m. We found that more convict cichlid pairs had neighbors than did not and those with neighbors tended to be closer to heterospecifics than conspecifics. We then presented pairs of parental convict cichlids with stimuli consisting of other parental convict cichlid pairs or parental Hypsophrys nematopus pairs. Each focal pair was exposed to each species separately and then simultaneously at both near (20cm) and far (60cm) distances. During separate presentations, focal parents were more aggressive at near distances versus far distances for both conspecifics and heterospecifics, though the aggression towards heterospecifics was always less than that toward conspecifics at each distance. In the simultaneous presentations the focal parents were always more aggressive toward conspecific stimuli. These results support the idea that each species represent separate risks (such as conspecific brood mixing or predation) and benefits (such as shared offspring or territory defense) to reproductive fitness, which help shape the observed natural distribution of pairs.

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“…This is also influenced by how much the focal animal stands to lose. The strength and direction of NSRDs strongly depend on species and breeding stage (Werba et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not dear neighbours: Antennation and jerking, but not aggression, correlate with genetic relatedness and spatial distance in the ant Lasius niger

Czaczkes,

Koch,

Schmid

et al. 2023

Ecological Entomology

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Neighbour–stranger response differences (NSRDs) are when individuals are either more aggressive (“Nasty Neighbour”) or less aggressive (“Dear Enemy” or “Dear Neighbour”) to direct neighbours than to other competitors perceived as “strangers” by the residents. Such effects are often reported in ants which, being fixed‐location central‐place foragers, may compete directly with their neighbours for resources or raid each other for brood. Overlayed onto this are potential spatial distance and relatedness effects on aggression, which are often not differentiated from NSRDs. The literature on NSRDs and distance effects in ants does not reveal a systematic pattern across all ants due to their diversity of life histories, requiring each species to be evaluated individually. Lasius niger is a common Eurasian ant species, which can form very dense populations of colonies and shows pronounced nestmate recognition, so may be expected to show NSRDs. Here, we take advantage of a semi‐regular colony array to examine the effect of spatial distance and relatedness on aggression and probe for NSRDs. Overt aggression does not vary with relatedness or spatial distance, and there is no evidence that direct neighbours represent a special case in terms of aggression. However, antennation and jerking decrease between less related and more spatially distant pairs, but are almost completely absent from allospecific interactions. We tentatively propose that antennation and jerking together represent a ‘negotiation’ phase, which may either precede or reduce the need for overt aggression. While a Nasty Neighbour effect might occur, a Dear Neighbour effect is unlikely in this species, and overall NSRDs do not play a large role in the ecology of this species. More broadly, this work highlights the importance of considering non‐overtly aggressive responses when studying NSRDs.

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Stranger danger: A meta-analysis of the dear enemy hypothesis

Cited by 17 publications

References 154 publications

Good fences make good neighbours: territorial male Cape fur seals use spatial acoustic map of neighbours

Good fences make good neighbours: territorial male Cape fur seals use spatial acoustic map of neighbours

Convict cichlid parental defense behavior towards conspecific and heterospecific parental pairs influences natural pair distribution

Not dear neighbours: Antennation and jerking, but not aggression, correlate with genetic relatedness and spatial distance in the ant Lasius niger

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