The increasing global focus on strategic rare metals is largely driven by rising demands through the development of high-tech electronics and low-carbon energy production, storage and emission control. The increase in demand has led to intensified research into their potential hosts, as it is becoming increasingly clear that continuity of supply for many metals cannot be taken for granted. The rare earth elements in particular have become a focus because of the dominance of production (and export restrictions) by a single supply country. However, many other metals have similar supply issues because of restricted extraction, political or economical constraints, or (as is the case for the 'Coltan' minerals), because they are used to fund political conflicts (Melcher et al., 2008).This study investigates rare metals in granitic pegmatites in the Ijio area of SW Nigeria. The pegmatites occur within the Pan African basement of SW Nigeria. They are believed to have formed around 562-534 Ma (Matheis and Caen-Vachette, 1983), and have been the source of columbite and tantalite since 1912 (Jacobson and Webb, 1946). More recently, the pegmatites have been mined by artisanal workers for gemstone-quality beryl, tourmaline and garnet. Field relations indicate that the pegmatites form dykes, sills and irregular bodies in their host granite, granodiorite, gneiss and amphibolite.This investigation aims to establish the lithological and geochemical controls on pegmatite formation, to explore the mechanisms of fractionation, and to develop a geochemical framework for rare metal exploration in the area. Initial geochemical results suggest that the pegmatites are enriched in high field strength (HFSE) and large ion lithophile (LILE) elements, including many strategic and critical metals. Preliminary investigations show that the pegmatites have high concentrations of Li (,1798 ppm), Cs (,377 ppm), Rb (,2186 ppm), Sn (,259 ppm) and Nb (,324 ppm), but low concentrations of Ta ((52 ppm). The granitic rocks associated with the rare metal enriched pegmatites are highly enriched in LREE and moderately depleted in HREE, with moderately to strongly negative Eu anomalies. A genetic relationship is indicated with the negative Eu anomalies in the muscovite from the pegmatites suggesting common origin with the granite.