“…Unlike conventional PMFs (bowtie, elliptical core, or Panda), which contain at least two different glasses each with a different thermal expansion coefficient, thereby causing the polarization of the propagation wave to vary with changing temperature, the PCF birefringence is highly insensitive to temperature because it is made of only one material (and air holes). Recently, some of FLMs used PCFs have been developed and applied on various devices [20][21][22] and optical fiber sensors [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], including strain sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and curvature sensors, and so on. In this chapter, we will first introduce the basic operation principle of FLMs, secondly, will demonstrate a temperature-insensitive interferometer based on a HiBi-PCF FLM.…”