Strain sensing conductive polymer composites: Sensitivity and stability

Deng, Hua; Du, Rongni; Duan, Linyan; Fu, Qiang

doi:10.1063/1.4942297

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The sensing mechanism of CPCs is based on the polymer’s reaction to environmental changes which affect the electrically conductive CNT network. For instance, the variation of temperature of the environment leads to an increase or decrease of the CPC resistance [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Generally, added fillers into polymer increase the viscosity and stiffness of the CPCs and decrease its 3D printing processability [ 7 , 16 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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3D printing utilized as a direct deposition of conductive polymeric materials onto textiles reveals to be an attractive technique in the development of functional textiles. However, the conductive fillers—filled thermoplastic polymers commonly used in the development of functional textiles through 3D printing technology and most specifically through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process—are not appropriate for textile applications as they are excessively brittle and fragile at room temperature. Indeed, a large amount of fillers is incorporated into the polymers to attain the percolation threshold increasing their viscosity and stiffness. For this reason, this study focuses on enhancing the flexibility, stress and strain at rupture and electrical conductivity of 3D-printed conductive polymer onto textiles by developing various immiscible polymer blends. A phase is composed of a conductive polymer composite (CPC) made of a carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly structured carbon black (KB)- filled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and another one of propylene-based elastomer (PBE) blends. Two requirements are essential to create flexible and highly conductive monofilaments for 3D-printed polymers onto textile materials applications. First, the co-continuity of both the thermoplastic and the elastomer phases and the location of the conductive fillers in the thermoplastic phase or at the interface of the two immiscible polymers are necessary to preserve the flexibility of the elastomer while decreasing the global amount of charges in the blends. In the present work based on theoretical models, when using a two-step melt process, the KB and CNT particles are found to be both preferentially located at the LDPE/PBE interface. Moreover, in the case of the two-step extrusion, SEM characterization showed that the KB particles were located in the LDPE while the CNT were mainly at the LDPE/PBE interface and TEM analysis demonstrated that KB and CNT nanoparticles were in LDPE and at the interface. For one-step extrusion, it was found that both KB and CNT are in the PBE and LDPE phases. These selective locations play a key role in extending the co-continuity of the LDPE and PBE phases over a much larger composition range. Therefore, the melt flow index and the electrical conductivity of monofilament, the deformation under compression, the strain and stress and the electrical conductivity of the 3D-printed conducting polymer composite onto textiles were significantly improved with KB and CNT-filled LDPE/PBE blends compared to KB and CNT-filled LDPE separately. The two-step extrusion processed 60%(LDPE16.7% KB + 4.2% CNT)/40 PBE blends presented the best properties and almost similar to the ones of the textile materials and henceforth, could be a better material for functional textile development through 3D printing onto textiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing

et al. 2020

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“…Owing to the universality of this technique and diverse mechanical properties of different polymers, the obtained conductive nanocomposites exhibit a wide range of elastic moduli. The dependence of electrical resistivity on force can be adjusted by changing the nanomaterial concentration . To achieve a high sensitivity in the low‐stress regime, porous structures and microdome/pyramid arrays have been developed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Breakdown‐Induced Tunable Piezoresistivity in Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposites for Flexible Force Sensor Applications

Jiang

Xing

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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nanomaterials with excellent electrical properties have been used in flexible piezoresistive force sensors, such as graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and graphite nanoplatelets. The electronic band structure of graphene is shifted by its in-plane elastic strain, which causes attractive changes in the electrical properties under structural deformation. [10] Uniform nanographene films obtained by chemical vapor deposition have been reported to exhibit a gauge factor of over 250, whereas the maximum strain was found to be less than 0.4%. [11,12] To achieve force sensors with a high stress sensitivity and a large strain range, macroscopic 3D monoliths of these nanomaterials with high porosity and compressibility have been developed. [13][14][15][16][17] Lv et al. demonstrated a simple sparkling strategy to produce ultralight graphene blocks. [15] Kim et al. transformed an inelastic CNT aerogel into a superelastic material by coating it with graphene nanoplatelets. [16,17] The above-mentioned 3D monoliths exhibit good electrical conductivity and high compressive strain ranges. However, the sparkling approach generates air bubbles with a size of 100-300 µm, forming a macroporous framework. The coating of CNT aerogel with graphene nanoplatelets involves the conversion of polyacrylonitrile into graphene at 1010 °C with the shrinkage of CNT aerogels. The fabrication of monoliths using the above-mentioned strategies has many challenges such as high temperatures and dimension shrinkage in microfabrication. These monoliths are all fabricated on the macroscale and face many challenges in microfabrication.Electrically conductive nanocomposites comprising carbonbased nanomaterials and insulating polymer matrices have been used in force sensors because of their excellent stretchability, low cost, and facile process of fabrication. [18][19][20][21] Owing to the universality of this technique and diverse mechanical properties of different polymers, the obtained conductive nanocomposites exhibit a wide range of elastic moduli. The dependence of electrical resistivity on force can be adjusted by changing the nanomaterial concentration. [22,23] To achieve a high sensitivity in the low-stress regime, porous structures and microdome/pyramid arrays have been developed. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Lee et al. fabricated an ultrasensitive pressure sensor by an electrospinning process, [30] and Park et al. demonstrated the detection of Flexible force sensors based on graphene/polymer nanocomposites have attracted tremendous attention owing to their remarkable sensitivity and ease of fabrication. In the present study, nanocomposites consisting of graphene as conducting fillers in a polyimide matrix are prepared, and an electrical breakdown method is used to endow the nanocomposite with a high piezoresistivity. Electromechanical tests and theoretical models confirm that the piezoresistivity of the nanocomposite originates from the cracks in the carbonized polymers induced by electrical breakdown. The fabricated force sensor exhibits a bro...

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Injection-Compression-Compression Process for Preparation of High-Performance Conductive Polymeric Composites

Shi

Liu

et al. 2019

Appl Compos Mater

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Strain sensing conductive polymer composites: Sensitivity and stability

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing

Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing

Electrical Breakdown‐Induced Tunable Piezoresistivity in Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposites for Flexible Force Sensor Applications

Injection-Compression-Compression Process for Preparation of High-Performance Conductive Polymeric Composites

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