Strain-Related Differences on Response of Liver and Kidney Antioxidant Defense System in Two Rat Strains Following Diazinon Exposure

Abstract

Background: Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most organophosphates that widely used in agriculture and ectoparasiticide formulations. Its extensive use as an effective pesticide was associated with the environmental deleterious effects on biological systems. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of DZN to affect serum biochemical parameters and the antioxidant defense system in the liver and kidney of two rat strains. Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 30 female Wistar and 30 female Norway rats were randomly divided into control and DZN groups. DZN group was divided into four subgroups: 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of DZN administered groups by i.p. injection. The parameters were evaluated after 24 hours. Results: At higher doses of DZN, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney of Wistar rats were higher than Norway rats. At these concentrations, DZN increased some serum biochemical indices such as liver enzymes activities and levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine in Wistar rat. Conclusions: DZN at higher doses alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance in liver and kidney of both rat strains and induces oxidative stress, which is associated with a depletion of GSH and increased lipid peroxidation. However, Wistar rats are found to be more sensitive to the toxicity of DZN compared to Norway rats. In addition, the effect of DZN on liver antioxidant system was more than kidney.

Modulatory effects of vitamin C on biochemical and oxidative changes induced by acute exposure to diazinon in rat various tissues: Prophylactic and therapeutic roles

“…In addition, the inhibition in the LDH activity in tissues by DZN may either be due to changes in the conformation of active site, formation of enzyme–inhibitor complex leading to impairment of carbohydrate metabolism, or reduction in de novo synthesis of enzymes (Vani et al, ). These findings are in agreement with the results of the previous reports that revealed a decreased LDH activity in tissues under various pesticide toxicity conditions (Jafari, Salehi, Asgari, et al, ; Salehi et al, ). However, administration of vitamin C before and after DZN exposure able to alleviate LDH activity in tissues due to its antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on oxidative stress and LPO in tissues.…”

“…Elevation in AST, ALT, GGT and ALP activities is known as toxicity markers in the study of hepatotoxicity by chemicals (Jafari, Salehi, Asgari, et al, ). In the present study, increased activities of these enzymes in plasma may be due to the leakage of these enzymes from the tissue cytosol into the bloodstream following tissue oxidative damage by DZN (Salehi et al, ). However, in groups treated by DZN plus vitamin C brought the elevated activities of these enzymes to almost a normal level as observed in the control group, which indicated a protective effect of this antioxidant against DZN toxicity.…”

“…A study showed that the expression of the genes such as NF‐κB may stimulate by ROS, which leads to increase the expression of SOD and CAT protein in tissues of rat (Abdel‐Daim et al, ). In addition, the decreased CAT activity in the brain, erythrocytes and spleen by DZN might be an indication of accumulation of H 2 O 2 , which may be the cause of the induction of oxidative stress (Salehi et al, ). There were significant differences in SOD activity in brain between the DZN group and the C‐DZN and the DZN‐C groups.…”

“…The elevated activities of these antioxidant enzymes are probably due to the adaptive response to increased ROS production, indicating the failure of the total antioxidant defence mechanism to protect the tissues from mechanical damage caused by DZN, as evidenced by lipid peroxidation (Table 3) . A study showed that the expression of the genes such as NF-κB may stimulate by ROS, which leads to increase the expression of SOD and CAT protein in tissues of rat in the brain, erythrocytes and spleen by DZN might be an indication of accumulation of H 2 O 2 , which may be the cause of the induction of oxidative stress (Salehi et al, 2016). There were significant differences in SOD activity in brain between the DZN group and However, treatment of rats with vitamin C before and after DZN poisoning had the ability to recover these enzyme activities due to the role of this vitamin in neutralizing superoxide anion-free radical, which resulted in decrease in the activities of these enzymes and lowering DZN toxicity (Mirvaghefi et al, 2016).…”

“…SOD, CAT and GST are the most important enzymes for the detoxification of ROS in organisms. SOD catalyses the conversion of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide, while CAT converts hydrogen peroxide into water (Jafari, Salehi, Zardooz, & Rostamkhani, ; Salehi et al, ). GST catalyses the conjugation of a variety of electrophilic substrates such as ROS to the thiol group of GSH, producing less toxic forms and also reduces lipid peroxides (El‐Demerdash, ).…”