Strain‐rate effects on the strength of debris‐laden glacier ice

Lawson, Wendy; Elliott, Christine

doi:10.1080/00288306.2003.9515012

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…In addition, temperate glaciers typically have a debris-rich basal ice layer (0.1-10 m thick) that is characterised by an elevated water content (Hart and Waller, 1999;Lawson and Elliott, 2003). This occurs as water molecules form a microscopic layer around sediment particles within the ice (Carol, 1947;Hooke et al, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Englacial and subglacial water flow at Skálafellsjökull, Iceland derived from ground penetrating radar,in situGlacsweb probe and borehole water level measurements

Hart

Rose

Clayton

et al. 2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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We reconstruct englacial and subglacial drainage at Skálafellsjökull, Iceland, using ground penetrating radar (GPR) common offset surveys, borehole studies and Glacsweb probe data. We find that englacial water is not stored within the glacier (water content~0-0.3%). Instead, the glacier is mostly impermeable and meltwater is able to pass quickly through the main body of the glacier via crevasses and moulins. Once at the glacier bed, water is stored within a thin (1 m) layer of debris-rich basal ice (2% water content) and the till. The hydraulic potential mapped across the survey area indicates that when water pressures are high (most of the year), water flows parallel to the margin, and emerges 3 km down glacier at an outlet tongue. GPR data indicates that these flow pathways may have formed a series of braided channels. We show that this glacier has a very low water-storage capacity, but an efficient englacial drainage network for transferring water to the glacier bed and, therefore, it has the potential to respond rapidly to changes in melt-water inputs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Englacial and subglacial water flow at Skálafellsjökull, Iceland derived from ground penetrating radar,in situGlacsweb probe and borehole water level measurements

Hart

Rose

Clayton

et al. 2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Uncertainty is primarily due to rheological complexity as rock glaciers consist of rock and ice in unknown heterogeneous structure, which varies from landform to landform. Findings on particular flow properties measured and modeled within rock glaciers are widely variable due to this ever-uncertain ratio of ice versus frozen debris (Wagner, 1992;Whalley and Azizi, 2003), though related studies of debris-laden ice may provide approximations (Iverson and others, 2003;Lawson and Elliott, 2003;Ikeda and others, 2008). Rock glaciers move at low flow velocities (cm a -1 ), in contrast to traditional alpine glaciers, which are primarily fed by snow, consist predominantly of ice and move at higher flow velocities (m a -1 ) (Hamilton and Whalley, 1995;Whalley and Azizi, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%