Strain rate effects on the compressive response of wood and energy absorption capabilities – Part A: Experimental investigations

Wouts, Jérémy; Haugou, Grégory; Oudjene, Marc; Coutellier, Daniel; Morvan, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.03.058

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The densification strain ε d e n s . was initially defined for foams and recently used in the case of wood impact by Wouts et al The densification strain is defined as the strain at which the maximum value of the energy absorbing efficiency η ( ε a ) is reached, Equation , where ε 0 is the starting point of the linear hardening behaviour; we used a constant value ε 0 =0.04. This value is the third coefficient that can be gathered from these eight experimental conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate out‐of‐plane compression of birch plywood from ambient to cryogenic temperatures

Caetano

Grolleau

Galpin

et al. 2018

Strain

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An extensive series of compression tests with birch plywood specimens is conducted in the out‐of‐plane direction. Various experimental conditions are tested with different temperatures and strain rates. To this end, a specially designed Split Hopkinson pressure bar protocol is defined, and the specimen dimensions are validated from quasi‐static EN789 standards experiments. Temperatures are ranging from ambient down to −170°C, while strain rates are increased from 0.004/s up to 700/s. The analysis of the experimental results focuses on the hardening behaviour and the following densification regime at large strains. Evolution with temperature and strain rate of the four coefficients of the stress versus strain curve interpolation is discussed, and models are proposed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate out‐of‐plane compression of birch plywood from ambient to cryogenic temperatures

Caetano

Grolleau

Galpin

et al. 2018

Strain

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“…According to Hou [8], the representative elementary volume (REV) in each direction of the specimen should have a minimum of 6-or 7-unit cells. Wouts [9] states that the minimum length for the longitudinal direction is 24-28 mm and 12-14 mm for soft and hard wood respectively, while a minimum of 0.3 mm and 0.15 mm length is required for the tangential direction of soft and hard wood respectively. Furthermore, the lengthdiameter ratio of the specimens was 1:2, considering the non-buckling indication.…”

Section: Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and Numerical Model of Spruce and Teak Wood Strength Properties Under Compressive High Strain Rate Loading

Zulkifli

Kusumaningrum

Rahmi

2021

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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The dynamic increase factor phenomenon occurred in both tested materials, soft wood and hard wood, with the stresses rising with an increase of the strain rate.  The dynamic increase factors of spruce wood in the longitudinal, tangential, and radial direction were obtained.  The dynamic increase factors of teak wood in the longitudinal and radial direction were obtained.  The parameters applied in the numerical simulation using LS-Dyna for the SHPB rods, the tested wood materials and the contacts in the experiments conducted were satisfactory.

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“…The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) [21], as a common experimental device for testing the dynamic mechanical properties of materials, can solve the coupled problem between the stress wave effect and strain rate effect of materials under high strain rates. The SHPB device can produce different strain rates of test specimens by controlling the impact velocities of the striker bar, and has been applied in testing for dynamic mechanical properties of different kinds of materials under different high strain rates, such as foam materials [5][6][7][8], concrete materials [22,23], metal materials [24,25], and composite materials [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They indicated that the mechanical properties of bamboo with different fiber directions are significantly different and all exhibited strain rate sensitivity. Wouts et al [27,33] studied the effect of the strain rate on the mechanical properties of spruce wood and beech wood, and the tests were conducted by three experimental pieces of apparatus with and without rigid lateral confinement to cover different strain rates from 0.001 s −1 to 600 s −1 . They also discussed the energy absorption of wood along three orthotropic directions under different strain rates and investigated the influence of the strain rate on the initial crushing stress and plateau stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are a few references that have focused on the dynamic properties of beech wood. Wouts et al [27,33] studied the effect of the strain rate on the mechanical properties of both hardwood and softwood materials. However, the maximum strain rate they employed was 600 s −1 , which was considered a low strain rate-it did not reach the magnitude of a high strain rate of 10 3 s −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Strain Rate and Fiber Direction on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Beech Wood

Pang

Liang

Tao

et al. 2019

Forests

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As a macroscopically orthotropic material, beech wood has different mechanical properties along the fiber direction and the direction perpendicular to the fiber direction, presenting a complicated strain rate sensitivity under impact or blast loadings. To understand the effect of the strain rate on the mechanical properties of beech wood, dynamic compression tests were conducted for the strain rate range of 800 s−1–2000 s−1, and quasi-static compression tests for obtaining the static mechanical properties of beech wood were also performed for comparison. The fiber direction effect on the mechanical properties was also analyzed, considering two loading directions: one perpendicular to the beech fiber direction and the other parallel to the beech fiber direction. The results show that beech wood for both loading directions has a significant strain rate sensitivity, and the mechanical properties of beech wood along the fiber direction are superior to those along the direction perpendicular to the fiber direction. An analysis of the macrostructures and microstructures of beech specimens is also presented to illustrate the failure mechanisms. The beech wood, as a natural protective material, has special dynamic mechanical properties in the aspect of transverse isotropy. This research provides a theoretical basis for application in protective structures.

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Strain rate effects on the compressive response of wood and energy absorption capabilities – Part A: Experimental investigations

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

High strain rate out‐of‐plane compression of birch plywood from ambient to cryogenic temperatures

High strain rate out‐of‐plane compression of birch plywood from ambient to cryogenic temperatures

Experimental Study and Numerical Model of Spruce and Teak Wood Strength Properties Under Compressive High Strain Rate Loading

Effect of the Strain Rate and Fiber Direction on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Beech Wood

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