Strain-rate dependence of viscous properties of the plantar soft tissue identified by a spherical indentation test

Negishi, Tomoko; Ito, Kohta; Kamono, Arinori; Lee, Taeyong; Ogihara, Naomichi

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103470

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This result is in accordance with our general understanding of tissue viscoelasticity and the many studies that have characterized isolated tissue samples. It aligns with Negishi et al [ 71 ] who measured in vivo heel pad biomechanical properties. They showed that the peak force increased with the increasing of indentation rate–though the magnitude of the increase was much lower than observed in this study due to the smaller range of loading rates explored.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

In vivo soft tissue compressive properties of the human hand

et al. 2021

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Background/Purpose Falls onto outstretched hands are the second most common sports injury and one of the leading causes of upper extremity injury. Injury risk and severity depends on forces being transmitted through the palmar surface to the upper extremity. Although the magnitude and distribution of forces depend on the soft tissue response of the palm, the in vivo properties of palmar tissue have not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to characterize the large deformation palmar soft tissue properties. Methods In vivo dynamic indentations were conducted on 15 young adults (21–29 years) to quantify the soft tissue characteristics of over the trapezium. The effects of loading rate, joint position, tissue thickness and sex on soft tissue responses were assessed. Results Energy absorbed by the soft tissue and peak force were affected by loading rate and joint angle. Energy absorbed was 1.7–2.8 times higher and the peak force was 2–2.75 times higher at high rate loading than quasistatic rates. Males had greater energy absorbed than females but not at all wrist positions. Damping characteristics were the highest in the group with the thickest soft tissue while damping characteristics were the lowest in group with the thinnest soft tissues. Conclusion Palmar tissue response changes with joint position, loading rate, sex, and tissue thickness. Accurately capturing these tissue responses is important for developing effective simulations of fall and injury biomechanics and assessing the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

In vivo soft tissue compressive properties of the human hand

et al. 2021

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“…Numerous in-vivo measurement tools, such as spherical indentation system [ 10 , 16 ], instrumented pendulum [ 15 , 28 ], ultrasound indentation system [ 17 , 18 , 29 , 30 ], tissue ultrasound palpation system [ 31 ], and optical coherence tomography-based air-jet indentation system [ 31 ], have been developed in the past. These quasi-static methods, however, could not replicate the mechanical condition experienced by the heel during dynamic gait cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a pilot study, the small sample size, inevitably, would bring in potential risk of selection bias. Then, the strain rate applied to the heel pad has been widely proven to obviously impact the mechanical properties of heel pad [ 5 , 10 , 12 ]. While in the stance phase of gait, it is non-possible to precisely control the strain rate as that performed in in-vitro machine-based loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These alterations, subsequently, would result in further modifications on the biomechanical properties, causing increased stiffness (namely elasticity) of septa, decreased damping ability, and increased vulnerability of tissue to injury [ 1 , 4 , 6 – 9 ]. To accurately identifying the mechanical parameters of heel fat pad of individual patient, therefore, is essential for possible early diagnosis and treatment for the pathological conditions [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discrepancy has been regarded as a paradox, and the authors concluded that the presence of entire lower leg in in vivo tests indeed influences the measurements [ 15 ]. More recently, indentation test have been widely conducted for identifying the viscous properties of heel pad [ 10 , 16 ]. Using this method, however, the authors primarily aimed to measure the viscous properties of the plantar fat pad for living subjects based on stress-relaxation test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of loading history on material properties of human heel pad: an in-vivo pilot investigation during gait

Teng

Yang

Geng

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background This study was aimed to develop a novel dynamic measurement technique for testing the material properties and investigating the effect of continuous compression load on the structural and mechanical properties of human heel pad during actual gait. Methods The dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and dynamic foot-ground contact pressure-test plate were used for measuring the material properties, including primary thickness, peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, viscous modulus and energy dissipation rate (EDR), both at time zero and following continuous loading. Ten healthy pilot subjects, aged from 23 to 72 (average: 46.5 ± 17.6), were enrolled. A “three-step gait cycle” is performed for all subjects, with the second step striking at a marked position on the force plate with the heel to maintain the location of the tested foot to be in the view of fluoroscopes. The subjects were measured at both relaxed (time-zero group) and fatigue (continuous-loading group) statuses, and the left and right heels were measured using the identical procedures. Results The peak strain, peak stress, elastic modulus, and EDR are similar before and after continuous load, while the viscous modulus was significantly decreased (median: 43.9 vs. 20.37 kPa•s; p < 0.001) as well as primary thicknesses (median: 15.99 vs. 15.72 mm; p < 0.001). Age is demonstrated to be moderately correlated with the primary thicknesses both at time zero (R = -0.507) and following continuous load (R = -0.607). The peak stress was significantly correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = 0.741) and after continuous load (R = 0.802). The peak strain was correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = -0.765) and after continuous load (R = -0.801). The correlations between the viscous modulus and peak stress/ peak strain are similar to above(R = 0.643, 0.577, − 0.586 and − 0.717 respectively). The viscous modulus is positively correlated with the elastic modulus before (R = 0.821) and after continuous load (R = 0.784). Conclusions By using dynamic fluoroscopy combined with the plantar pressure plate, the in vivo viscoelastic properties and other data of the heel pad in the actual gait can be obtained. Age was negatively correlated with the primary thickness of heel pad and peak strain, and was positively correlated with viscous modulus. Repetitive loading could decrease the primary thickness of heel pad and viscous modulus.

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