Strain rate as a controlling influence on adaptive modeling in response to dynamic loading of the ulna in growing male rats

Mosley, John R.; Lanyon, Lance E.

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00113-6

Cited by 347 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These changes are achieved through the complex orchestration of bone modelling/remodelling [2][3][4], partly mediated by osteocyte signalling [5,6] Studies using the rat ulna have unravelled the osteogenic stimuli of mechanical loading, confirming that bone is most responsive to dynamic loading [1,7], high strain rates [8][9][10] unfamiliar strain distributions [11], and to discrete rather than continuous bouts of loading [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-term exercise intervention studies examining the human tibia in young adults using pQCT have not detected changes in bone geometry, reporting only modest increases in trabecular density of the distal site following 8 weeks of weight-bearing aerobic exercise training [17], whereas significant improvements in bone structure are observed in the rodent ulnar following only 5 weeks of axial loading [1,9,24]. Differences in the magnitude and pattern of adaptations might be due, in part, to the unnatural loading model of the ulnar or to extrapolation across species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in the magnitude and pattern of adaptations might be due, in part, to the unnatural loading model of the ulnar or to extrapolation across species. New bone formation is directly proportional to strain rate [9,10] and variation in loading stimuli may account for differences between studies. Twelve weeks of initial military training, characterised by variable, dynamic and high impact activities, increased bone volume and whole bone cross sectional area of the femur in male recruits [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased density and periosteal expansion of the tibia in young adult men following short-term arduous training

Izard¹,

Fraser

Negus³

et al. 2016

Bone

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2 AbstractPurpose: Few human studies have reported early structural adaptations of bone to weightbearing exercise, which provide a greater contribution to improved bone strength than increased density. This prospective study examined site-and regional-specific adaptations of the tibia during arduous training in a cohort of male military (infantry) recruits to better understand how bone responds in vivo to mechanical loading.Methods: Tibial bone density and geometry were measured in 90 British Army male recruits (ages 21 + 3 y, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, body mass 73.9 + 9.8 kg) in weeks 1 (Baseline) and 10 of initial military training. Scans were performed at the 4%, 14%, 38% and 66% sites, measured from the distal end plate, using pQCT (XCT2000L, Stratec Pforzheim, Germany).Customised software (BAMPack, L-3 ATI) was used to examine whole bone cross-section and regional sectors. T-tests determined significant differences between time points (P<0.05).Results: Bone density of trabecular and cortical compartments increased significantly at all measured sites. Bone geometry (cortical area and thickness) and bone strength (i, MM i and BSI) at the diaphyseal sites (38 and 66%) were also significantly higher in week 10. Regional changes in density and geometry were largely observed in the anterior, medial-anterior and anterior-posterior sectors. Calf muscle density and area (66% site) increased significantly at week 10 (P<0.01). Conclusions:In vivo mechanical loading improves bone strength of the human tibia by increased density and periosteal expansion, which varies by site and region of the bone.These changes may occur in response to the nature and distribution of forces originating from bending, torsional and shear stresses of military training. These improvements are observed early in training when the osteogenic stimulus is sufficient, which may be close to the fracture threshold in some individuals.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased density and periosteal expansion of the tibia in young adult men following short-term arduous training

Izard¹,

Fraser

Negus³

et al. 2016

Bone

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“…Meta analysis of exercise intervention studies suggests that mixed loading interventions including low to moderate impact exercises in the form of jogging, walking and stair climbing, together with resistance training, can maintain BMD at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women [9]. However, evidence from animal experiments suggests that the optimal loading regimens are high in magnitude, high in strain rate and provide novel stress on the bone [10][11][12][13]. In children and young adults, high impact jumping exercises that exert a high magnitude of loading at the hip have produced the greatest increases in femoral neck BMD [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High impact exercise increased femoral neck bone mineral density in older men: A randomised unilateral intervention

Allison

Folland

Rennie

et al. 2013

Bone

121

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“…In cortical bone, loading must be dynamic rather than static to elicit an anabolic response 4 and adaptive remodeling is preferentially responsive to short periods of strain change. 5 For example, high-magnitude strains, varied by regulating the applied load [6][7][8] and strain rate, 9 enhanced cortical bone mass.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trabecular bone adaptation to loading in a rabbit model is not magnitude‐dependent

Yang¹,

Willie²,

Beach³

et al. 2013

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Although mechanical loading is known to influence trabecular bone adaptation, the role of specific loading parameters requires further investigation. Previous studies demonstrated that the number of loading cycles and loading duration modulate the adaptive response of trabecular bone in a rabbit model of applied loading. In the current study, we investigated the influence of load magnitude on the adaptive response of trabecular bone using the rabbit model. Cyclic compressive loads, producing peak pressures of either 0.5 or 1.0 MPa, were applied daily (5 days/week) at 1 Hz and 50 cycles/day for 4 weeks post-operatively to the trabecular bone on the lateral side of the distal right femur, while the left side served as an nonloaded control. The adaptive response was characterized by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. Bone volume fraction, bone mineral content, tissue mineral density, and mineral apposition rate (MAR) increased in loaded limbs compared to the contralateral control limbs. No load magnitude dependent difference was observed, which may reflect the critical role of loading compared to the operated, nonloaded contralateral limb. The increased MAR suggests that loading stimulated new bone formation rather than just maintaining bone volume. The absence of a dose-dependent response of trabecular bone observed in this study suggests that a range of load magnitudes should be examined for biophysical therapies aimed at augmenting current treatments to enhance long-term fixation of orthopedic devices. Keywords: trabecular bone; bone adaptation; rabbit; microcomputed tomography; mechanical stimulation Mechanical loading plays a central role in skeletal development and maintenance via both modeling and remodeling processes. 1-3 Throughout life the skeleton adapts by changing bone mass and architecture to the functional demands placed on it by mechanical stimuli. In cortical bone, loading must be dynamic rather than static to elicit an anabolic response 4 and adaptive remodeling is preferentially responsive to short periods of strain change. 5 For example, high-magnitude strains, varied by regulating the applied load 6-8 and strain rate, 9 enhanced cortical bone mass.Age-related bone loss, disuse-related bone loss, bone healing, and osseointegration around implants are all intimately coupled with the mechanical loading environment in trabecular bone. Despite the importance of studies on cortical diaphyseal bone adaptation to mechanical loading, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis requires investigation of trabecular bone adaptation. In addition, important questions remain concerning trabecular bone functional adaptation to a variety of loading parameters.Well-controlled and minimally invasive experimental models of loading in trabecular bone have been difficult to develop. [10][11][12][13] In vivo intermittent compressive loading via a hydraulic bone chamber stimulated bone matrix synthesis in trabecular bone of the canine tibial and femoral metaphyses. 14 While clearl...

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Strain rate as a controlling influence on adaptive modeling in response to dynamic loading of the ulna in growing male rats

Cited by 347 publications

References 21 publications

Increased density and periosteal expansion of the tibia in young adult men following short-term arduous training

Increased density and periosteal expansion of the tibia in young adult men following short-term arduous training

High impact exercise increased femoral neck bone mineral density in older men: A randomised unilateral intervention

Trabecular bone adaptation to loading in a rabbit model is not magnitude‐dependent

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