Strain-induced one-dimensional Landau level quantization in corrugated graphene

Meng, Lan; He, Wen-Yu; Zheng, Hong; Liu, Mengxi; Yan, Hui; Yan, Wei; Chu, Zhaodong; Bai, Ke-Ke; Dou, Rui-Fen; Zhang, Yanfeng; Liu, Zhongfan; Nie, Jia-Cai; He, Lin

doi:10.1103/physrevb.87.205405

Cited by 90 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The twisted graphene bilayer was grown on a 25-mm-thin Rh foil via a traditional ambient pressure chemical vapour deposition method 26 , and only the sample mainly covered with two graphene layers was further studied by STM and STS. Owing to the thermal expansion mismatch between graphene and the substrate, defect-like wrinkles and ripples tend to evolve along the boundaries of crystalline terraces for a strain relief 11,14,37,38 . Briefly, the sample was synthesized at 1,000°C and after growth when the sample is cooled down the graphene expands while the Rh foil contracts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, a constant pseudomagnetic field can be achieved when the honeycomb lattice are transversely displaced from their original positions in the following way (u r ,u f ) ¼ qr 2 (sin3f,cos3f), where u r and u f are the radial and azimuthal displacements, f is the azimuthal angle, r is the distance from anbitrary origin and q is a parameter corresponding to the strength of the strain 8,[11][12][13][14] . This uniform pseudomagnetic field is not easy to realize in the strained graphene [11][12][13][14] . Our experiment also confirms that the pseudomagnetic field is not uniform along the wrinkle Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the assumption that the wrinkles are generated in the presence of a longitudinal tensile strain g, then, according to classical elasticity theory, the amplitude h and the period l can be obtained as 14 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now well established that lattice deformations of graphene lead to the appearance of a pseudomagnetic gauge field acting on the charge carriers 2,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . The pseudomagnetic field becomes an experimental reality after the observation of Landau levels (LLs) in a strained graphene monolayer [11][12][13][14] and in strained artificial graphene 15 . The energies of these LLs follow the progression of LLs of massless Dirac Fermions, which suggest a possible route to realize zero-field quantum Hall effects in the strained graphene [11][12][13][14][15] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pseudomagnetic field becomes an experimental reality after the observation of Landau levels (LLs) in a strained graphene monolayer [11][12][13][14] and in strained artificial graphene 15 . The energies of these LLs follow the progression of LLs of massless Dirac Fermions, which suggest a possible route to realize zero-field quantum Hall effects in the strained graphene [11][12][13][14][15] . Compared with single-layer graphene, graphene bilayers, including AA stacked, AB stacked (Bernal) and twisted graphene bilayer, display even more complex electronic band structures and intriguing properties because of the interplay of quasiparticles between the Dirac cones on each layer [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Strain and curvature induced evolution of electronic band structures in twisted graphene bilayer

et al. 2013

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It is well established that strain and geometry could affect the band structure of graphene monolayer dramatically. Here we study the evolution of local electronic properties of a twisted graphene bilayer induced by a strain and a high curvature, which are found to strongly affect the local band structures of the twisted graphene bilayer. The energy difference of the two low-energy van Hove singularities decreases with increasing lattice deformation and the states condensed into well-defined pseudo-Landau levels, which mimic the quantization of massive chiral fermions in a magnetic field of about 100 T, along a graphene wrinkle. The joint effect of strain and out-of-plane distortion in the graphene wrinkle also results in a valley polarization with a significant gap. These results suggest that strained graphene bilayer could be an ideal platform to realize the high-temperature zero-field quantum valley Hall effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Strain and curvature induced evolution of electronic band structures in twisted graphene bilayer

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Layer‐by‐Layer Decoupling of Twisted Graphene Sheets Epitaxially Grown on a Metal Substrate

Simon

Voloshina

Tesch

et al. 2018

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The electronic properties of graphene can be efficiently altered upon interaction with the underlying substrate resulting in a dramatic change of charge carrier behavior. Here, the evolution of the local electronic properties of epitaxial graphene on a metal upon the controlled formation of multilayers, which are produced by intercalation of atomic carbon in graphene/Ir(111), is investigated. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and Landau-level spectroscopy, it is shown that for a monolayer and bilayers with small-angle rotations, Landau levels are fully suppressed, indicating that the metal-graphene interaction is largely confined to the first graphene layer. Bilayers with large twist angles as well as twisted trilayers demonstrate a sequence of pronounced Landau levels characteristic for a free-standing graphene monolayer pointing toward an effective decoupling of the top layer from the metal substrate. These findings give evidence for the controlled preparation of epitaxial graphene multilayers with a different degree of decoupling, which represent an ideal platform for future electronic and spintronic applications.

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Graphene Acoustic Phonon‐Mediated Pseudo‐Landau Levels Tailoring Probed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy

Chi

Shi

Liu

et al. 2019

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Graphene, a kind of atomically thin 2D materials with honeycomb carbon lattice, displays a linear dispersion with a zero bandgap around the Dirac point. [1,2] Numerous works have been performed to study its fundamental properties and potential applications. [3][4][5] In the application of electronic devices, the features of high carrier mobility, [6] gate-tunable carrier concentration, and large Young's modulus [7,8] make graphene a promising candidate in flexible electronic devices, [9] with widespread applications for the supercapacitor and sensor. [10,11] One of the most fascinating aspects is the feature of pseudo-magnetic field, which is attractive for valley spintronics. [12,13] Valley spintronics focuses in detecting valley, a kind of degree of freedom of 2D materials, and related applications in transport, logic, and memory, etc. It is reported that vacancy defects, [14,15] atom adsorption [16] as well as zigzag or armchair edges [17,18] can function as magnetic moments, which influence valley spin scattering and can be applied in valley electronics devices such data storage. Besides, enhanced spin-valley coupling further extends research on topological quantum valley Hall effect. While how to tailor pseudo-Landau levels remains a question, which influences the valley electronic structure of graphene.Substrate interactions, [19] including electron doping, strain, and interface effects, are crucial to electronic applications of graphene. [20][21][22] For instance, tunable bandgap can be efficiently realized by stretching the substrate, which breaks the equivalence of sublattice symmetry. [23,24] Besides, pseudo-magnetic field greater than 300 T can be induced by highly strained nanobubbles, [25] which contributes to realizing the manipulation of valley spin in graphene. [26] In the situation where strain varies smoothly, two sublattices of graphene behave differently under the strain effect with Dirac cones shift in opposite directions, thus generating pseudo-magnetic field without violation on the time-reversal symmetry of the crystal. [27,28] Numerical results show that strain as a kind of constant distortion changes the hopping between bonds along a given axis of the lattice, which effects in displacing the Dirac points away from the Brillouin zone corners. Pseudo-magnetic field created by the Graphene has attracted great interests in various areas including optoelectronics, spintronics, and nanomechanics due to its unique electronic structure, a linear dispersion with a zero bandgap around the Dirac point. Shifts of Dirac cones in graphene creates a pseudo-magnetic field, which generates an energy gap and brings a zero-magnetic-field analogue of the quantum Hall effect. Recent studies have demonstrated that graphene pseudo-magnetic effects can be generated by vacancy defects, atom adsorption, zigzag or armchair edges, and external strain. Here, a larger than 100 T pseudo-magnetic field is reported that generates on the step area of graphene; and with ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy, the ...

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Strain-induced one-dimensional Landau level quantization in corrugated graphene

Cited by 90 publications

References 34 publications

Strain and curvature induced evolution of electronic band structures in twisted graphene bilayer

Strain and curvature induced evolution of electronic band structures in twisted graphene bilayer

Layer‐by‐Layer Decoupling of Twisted Graphene Sheets Epitaxially Grown on a Metal Substrate

Graphene Acoustic Phonon‐Mediated Pseudo‐Landau Levels Tailoring Probed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy

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