Strain-differences of sensitivity to volatile anesthetics and their genetic character in mice

Abstract

Using loss of the righting reflex, we determined the ED50 values for enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane and halothane in white-haired ddN mice and black-haired C57BL mice. The ED50s (Mean +/- SEM) in ddN and C57BL mice for enflurane were 1.65 +/- 0.01 and 1.19 +/- 0.01% atm, for isoflurane 1.02 +/- 0.01 and 0.74 +/- 0.01% atm, for sevoflurane 2.29 +/- 0.03 and 1.95 +/- 0.03% atm, and for halothane 0.97 +/- 0.01 and 0.97 +/- 0.01% atm, respectively. The results indicate that the ddN strain is more resistant to enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane than the C57BL strain. The sensitivities to enflurane and isoflurane is F1 progeny of reciprocal crosses between ddN and C57BL mice revealed that in the ddN strain enflurane resistance is an incompletely dominant or polygenic character, isoflurane resistance in ddN strain is an autosomal recessive character and both are controlled by genes on the sex (X) chromosome. Enflurane and isoflurane resistances are controlled by at least 2 genes, one on the X chromosome, and each resistance is controlled by a different genetic mode

General Anesthesia Delays the Inflammatory Response and Increases Survival for Mice with Endotoxic Shock

“…Different mouse strains have been found to display different sensitivities to anesthetics (42). Moreover, the inflammatory responses induced by LPS also differ among various mouse strains (17).…”

The relationship of brain catecholamine levels to enflurane requirements among three strains of mice with different anesthetic sensitivities

“…strains of male mice, ddN, C57BL/6J, and MSM, were used. Tanaka et al reported that the ddN mouse was more resistant to three volatile anesthetics than the C57BL/6J mouse [1]. We decided to measure the enflurane requirement, because in enflurane, especially, the effective dose 50% (ED 50 ) values differed about 40% in this report, and because enflurane is more effective in the order of anesthetic sensitivity.…”

“…This part includes the midbrain reticular formation activating system connected with consciousness. Tanaka et al have reported that there are 20 to 30 cooperative factors in anesthesia, based on the anesthetic dose-LORR relation, including catecholamines [1].…”

“…An initial 30-min period of equilibration at an approximate level of 0.8% enflurane was imposed before testing the righting reflex. We regarded the mice as being in anesthetic equilibrium after 15 min of enflurane at a constant concentration [1]. LORR was determined to have occurred if the mouse did not voluntarily right itself when placed gently by hand in the dorsal position without any violent movement or painful stimulation.…”

Mapping of putative ether-anesthesia resistance gene using C57BL/6J and MSM/Ms mouse strains

“…Cloned genes are useful for elucidating diseases in molecular biological terms and are helping to increase the understanding of hereditary and incurable diseases. Sensitivity to anesthetics is also considered to be governed by genes, because many mutants with heritable altered sensitivities to general anesthetics have been isolated and analyzed in Drosophila melanogaster [4,5] and C. elegans [6] strains, as well as mouse strains [7][8][9][10][11].…”