Strain development in a filled epoxy resin curing under constrained and unconstrained conditions as assessed by Fibre Bragg Grating sensors

Abstract

Abstract. The influence of adhesion to the mould wall on the released strain of a highly filled anhydride cured epoxy resin (EP), which was hardened in an aluminium mould under constrained and unconstrained condition, was investigated. The shrinkage-induced strain was measured by fibre optical sensing technique. Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were embedded into the curing EP placed in a cylindrical mould cavity. The cure-induced strain signals were detected in both, vertical and horizontal directions, during isothermal curing at 75°C for 1000 minutes. A huge difference in the strain signal of both directions could be detected for the different adhesion conditions. Under non-adhering condition the horizontal and vertical strain-time traces were practically identical resulting in a compressive strain at the end of about 3200 ppm, which is a proof of free or isotropic shrinking. However, under constrained condition the horizontal shrinkage in the EP was prevented due to its adhesion to the mould wall. So, the curing material shrunk preferably in vertical direction. This resulted in much higher released compressive strain signals in vertical (10 430 ppm) than in horizontal (2230 ppm) direction. The constrained cured EP resins are under inner stresses. Qualitative information on the residual stress state in the molding was deduced by exploiting the birefringence of the EP.

Crystallization‐induced shrinkage, crystalline, and thermomechanical properties of in situ polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalate

“…12 min 7. By contrast to curing thermosets,11–13 FBG sensing does not help us to detect a gel‐like stage defined by G ′ = G ″, where G ′ and G″ denote the storage and loss shear moduli, respectively. This can be considered, however, as a strong support that the ring‐opening polymerization of CBT is entropy‐driven, indeed.…”

“…Fiber Bragg grating sensing (FBG) is a rather new method to detect the strain build‐up. FBG was already successfully used to study the cure‐induced strain development in thermosets and thus to determine the optimum curing cycle 11–13. It is noteworthy, that the FBG technique is far more established for health monitoring of composite parts in which strain changes are caused by different failure events (e.g., Ref 14…”

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Influence of the curing cycles on the fatigue performance of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites

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