Strain-Dependent Dielectric Behavior of Carbon Black Reinforced Natural Rubber

Huang, Menglong; Tunnicliffe, Lewis B.; Zhuang, Jian; Ren, Wei; Yan, Haixue; Busfield, James J. C.

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02332

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The mechanism of mechanical reinforcement due to filler/polymer interface has been a controversial topic in composite research . For example, some researchers claimed that filler network plays a dominating role in mechanical reinforcement .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of interface on the mechanical behavior of polybutadiene–silica composites: An experimental and simulation study

Brisbin

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of interface property on the mechanical behavior of silica-polybutadiene composites is systematically investigated via combined experimental and dynamics simulation. In experiment, the interface property is controlled by SiO 2 particle size, silane coupling agents, and silane grafting density. The effects of these control parameters on the vulcanization kinetics, tensile strength, and dynamic mechanic properties are investigated and discussed. Both the experimental and simulation studies reveal the pivot role of filler-polymer interface on the mechanical reinforcement. Simulation study reveals that the constrained polymer layer (12 nm) surrounding the silica particles shows increased stress from 30 to 230 MPa, which is identified as the major reason for the overall enhancement of 100% modulus from 0.8 to 1.6 MPa. The molecular mechanics of interface from simulation is well correlated to the experimental results in this study, which provides a molecular level understanding of the relationship between interfacial interaction and mechanical reinforcement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of interface on the mechanical behavior of polybutadiene–silica composites: An experimental and simulation study

Brisbin

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Unfortunately, the weak mechanical property of keratin sponge is the most serious problem that hinders its wide application. To address this drawback, numerous investigations have been carried out by incorporating of nanofiller including carbon nanotube , clay (Yang et al, 2011), graphene sheets (Huang et al, 2016) and so on, as reinforcement to improve mechanical property of the matrix.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced keratin bioadsorbent for effective removal of dyes from aqueous solution

Song

et al. 2017

Bioresource Technology

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High-efficiency and recyclable three-dimensional bioadsorbents were prepared by incorporating cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as reinforcements in keratin sponge matrix to remove dyes from aqueous solution. Adsorption performance of dyes by CNC-reinforced keratin bioadsorbent was improved significantly as a result of adding CNC as filler. Batch adsorption results showed that the adsorption capacities for Reactive Black 5 and Direct Red 80 by the bioadsorbent were 1201 and 1070mgg, respectively. The isotherms and kinetics for adsorption of both dyes on bioadsorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order model, respectively. Desorption and regeneration experiments showed that the removal efficiencies of the bioadsorbent for both dyes could remain above 80% at the fifth recycling cycles. Moreover, the bioadsorbent possessed excellent packed-bed column operation performance. Those results suggested that the adsorbent could be considered as a high-performance and promising candidate for dye wastewater treatment.

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“…Although common DEs possessing ideal electromechanical properties such as low cyclic hysteresis, instability suppression, high extensibility, and low modulus do not benefit significantly from the Mullins effect, the strain‐stiffening response of mechanically conditioned OTPEGs can be tailored to eliminate electromechanical instabilities. A similar approach has been reported for DEs composed of filled rubber. To explore the applicability of this effect on the electroactuation of conditioned OTPEGs, we have incorporated the stress–strain curves generated from mechanical conditioning of OTPEG25 at different strain levels into Equation to predict the electric field (at a constant film thickness of 1 mm) required for actuation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Crystallization‐Directed Anisotropic Electroactuation in Selectively Solvated Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers: A Thermal and (Electro)Mechanical Property Study

Armstrong

Spontak

2018

Adv Funct Materials

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Dielectric elastomers (DEs), a class of soft electroactive polymers that change size upon exposure to an external electric field, constitute an increasingly important class of stimuli-responsive polymers due primarily to their large actuation strains, facile and low-cost fabrication, scalability, and mechanical robustness. Unless purposefully constrained, most DEs exhibit isotropic actuation wherein size changes are the same in all actuation directions. Previous studies of DEs containing oriented, stiff fibers have demonstrated, however, that anisotropic actuation along a designated direction is more electromechanically efficient since this design eliminates energy expended in nonessential directions. To identify an alternative, supramolecularlevel route to anisotropic electroactuation, we investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of novel thermoplastic elastomer gels composed of a selectively solvated olefinic block copolymer that not only microphaseseparates but also crystallizes upon cooling from the solution state. While these materials possess remarkable mechanical attributes (e.g., giant strains in excess of 4000%), their ability to be strain-conditioned enables huge anisotropic actuation levels, measured to be greater than 30 from the ratio of orthogonal actuation strains. This work establishes that crystallizationinduced anisotropic actuation can be achieved with these DEs.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201803467.reasons account for this sudden spike in technological interest: (1) development of flexible, stretchable, and otherwise compliant electrode technologies, and (2) discovery of dielectric materials possessing the appropriate electrical and elastomeric properties required to attain large actuation strains. The seminal paper by Pelrine et al. [6] is largely responsible for spurring contemporary DE studies by introducing the use of carbon grease as a compliant electrode in conjunction with a new chemically crosslinked dielectric material, a commercial acrylic adhesive (VHB 4905/4910), that is capable of achieving actuation strains greater than 100% (on an area basis). Since this initial investigation of VHB, the DE community has considered surprisingly few new competitive materials even though VHB remains somewhat proprietary and it is only manufactured in a limited number of thicknesses. Nevertheless, because of its performance, availability and relatively low cost, VHB has dominated the scientific literature as the gold standard to which the performance of other materials is frequently compared. [7][8][9][10] Other examples of chemically crosslinked elastomers that have shown promise as DEs for use in, e.g., (micro)robotics, [11] biomedical devices, [12] and stretchable electronics [13] include silicone elastomers, [14,15] VHB modified [16] with a secondary acrylic network to produce an elastomeric "binetwork," custom-designed acrylic elastomers, [17] and bottlebrush silicone elastomers. [18] An importan...

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Strain-Dependent Dielectric Behavior of Carbon Black Reinforced Natural Rubber

Cited by 55 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of interface on the mechanical behavior of polybutadiene–silica composites: An experimental and simulation study

Effect of interface on the mechanical behavior of polybutadiene–silica composites: An experimental and simulation study

Cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced keratin bioadsorbent for effective removal of dyes from aqueous solution

Crystallization‐Directed Anisotropic Electroactuation in Selectively Solvated Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers: A Thermal and (Electro)Mechanical Property Study

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