Strain and Rootstock Effects on Spur Characteristics and Yield of `Delicious' Apple Strains

Warrington, I. J.; Ferree, D. C.; Schupp, James R.; Dennis, F. G.; Baugher, Tara Auxt

doi:10.21273/jashs.115.3.348

Cited by 16 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This was done in Washington, Oregon, and Indiana, but not in other states. Warrington et al (1990), using data from the Clarksville planting in 1986, demonstrated significant correlations (r) between spur density and a) trunk cross-sectional area (-0.56 ** ) and b) yield efficiency (0.23 ** ), spur strains having consistently higher yields and spur densities, and lower cross-sectional areas, than standard strains. Our data for 1984-87 confirm that trees of spur strains generally yielded more fruit per unit trunk cross-section and were smaller than standard trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Trees of 28 strains (Table 1) propagated on two rootstocks, M.7 EMLA and MM.111 EMLA, hereafter referred to as M.7 and MM.111, were planted at nine locations in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Indiana, Michigan, and British Columbia. Data for the Washington and Idaho sites (Fallahi et al, 1994(Fallahi et al, , 1995Ketchie, 1986), data for a similar study in West Virginia (Baugher et al, 1990), and data for the British Columbia site (Lane and MacDonald, 1996) have been published. Yield data for Michigan for 1 year were included in an analysis of strain and rootstock effects on spur characteristics and yield conducted in 1986 (Warrington et al, 1990), and all data on fruit color have been published (Dennis, 1989), as well as a brief summary .…”

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Evaluating Twenty-eight Strains of `Delicious' Apple in Michigan

Dennis¹,

Masabni²,

Ketchie³

1996

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Additional index words. Malus domestica, yield, flowering, fruit set, fruit size, L/D ratio, biennial bearing index Abstract. A cooperative experiment begun in 1980 was designed to evaluate the productivity and other characteristics of 16 spur and 12 standard strains of 'Delicious' apple on two rootstocks (M.7 EMLA and MM.111 EMLA). All trees were propagated at one nursery, and plantings were established in Michigan, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Indiana, and British Columbia. In Michigan, trees of standard strains were consistently larger than trees of spur strains 8 years after planting. Early yields were greater on M.7 EMLA than on MM.111 EMLA, but trees were more subject to leaning under heavy crops on M.7 EMLA. In general, spur-type strains yielded more fruit per unit trunk cross-sectional area than standard strains. Yield was more closely associated with fruit-setting ability than with flower density, and fruit size declined as fruit set increased. Length/diameter ratios and biennial bearing indices also differed significantly among strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Twenty-eight Strains of `Delicious' Apple in Michigan

Dennis¹,

Masabni²,

Ketchie³

1996

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“…'Delicious' strains are selected for specific characteristics, primarily bearing habit (spur or standard type), yield, fruit color, and shape (Crassweller and Hollender, 1989;Crassweller et al, 1985;Fisher and Ketchie, 1981;Fisher et al, 1970;Ingle, 1972;Ketchie, 1984;Lord et al, 1980;Tukey and Ballard, 1969;Westwood, 1963Westwood, , 1967Westwood and Burkhart, 1968). Warrington et al (1990) reported that spur-type strains had higher spur densities (spur/m of branch), spur leaf number, leaf areas per spur, leaf areas per leaf, and terminal bud diameters than those of standard-type strains. They also found a positive correlation between spur density and yield efficiency.…”

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Tree Growth and Productivity and Postharvest Fruit Quality in Various Strains of `Delicious' Apple

Fallahi¹,

Simons²,

Fellman³

et al. 1994

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Twenty-six strains of `Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were evaluated over several years for growth, yield, and fruit quality at harvest and after 6 months of storage. `August Red', `Rose Red', and `Sharp Red' had larger trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) 3 and 18 years after planting compared to most other strains. `August Red' and `Starking' had larger TCSA and cumulative yield. `Apex,' `Improved Ryan Spur', `Silverspur', `Starkrimson', and `Wellspur' were also among strains with high cumulative yields and yield efficiencies. `Hardi-Brite Spur' and `Red King Oregon Spur' had moderately high yields and small TCSAs, thus, high yield efficiencies. `Atwood', `Hardispur', `Imperial', `Improved Ryanred', `Starkspur Supreme', and `Topred' had low cumulative yields. `Ace' and `Improved Ryanred' had low yield efficiencies. `Ace', `Imperial', `Red King Oregon Spur', `Rose Red', `Starking', and `Wellspur' had heavier fruit, while fruit weight in `August Red', `Hardispur', and `Starkrimson' was lighter than that in most other strains. `Redspur' and `Starkspur Supreme' had the largest length to diameter (L/D) ratios. `Early Red One' had a similar red skin color rating as `Rose Red.' The red skin color rating of `Early Red One' was significantly higher than that of all other strains. `Hi-Early', `Improved Ryanred', `Redspur', and `Starking' had the poorest skin color ratings. `Hardispur', `Nured Royal', `Silverspur', and `Starkrimson' had high soluble solids concentrations (SSCs) at harvest and after storage. `Early Red One', `Imperial', `Improved Ryan Spur', and `Red King Oregon Spur' had lower SSCs at harvest and after storage. Fruit of `Apex' and `Redspur' had relatively high firmness at harvest, while `Hardispur', `Silverspur', `Starkrimson', and `Starkspur Supreme' had firm fruit at harvest and after storage. `Hardi-Brite Spur' had the softest fruit after storage, and fruit from `Rose Red' had a lower firmness than most other strains at harvest and after storage. Considering cumulative yield, yield efficiency, or some quality parameters, `Apex', `Classic Red', `Improved Ryan Spur', `Red King Oregon Spur', `Silverspur', and `Wellspur' had satisfactory overall performance. Strains are also suggested for planting depending on the market situation and the demand for a particular quality factor. `Hardispur' and `Sturdeespur' (Miller) are not recommended for planting under climatic conditions similar to those of this experiment.

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“…A second factor is the root system, which has been used as an efficient although empirical means to control tree size, with variable results on flowering (i.e., dependent on the genotype; Webster et al, 1985). The effects of the root system have been studied using various plant materials: own-rooted trees (usually micropropagated; Webster et al, 1985;Zimmerman and Miller, 1991;Quamme and Brownlee, 1993;Hirst and Ferree, 1995a) and/or trees grafted on rootstocks (Lockard and Schneider, 1981;Cummins and Aldwinckle, 1983;Lehman et al, 1990;Warrington et al, 1990;Barritt et al, 1995;Ferree et al, 1995;Hirst and Ferree, 1995a;Costes et al, 2001) or on various rootstock-interstock combinations (Seleznyova et al, 2003). The root system, from ''dwarf'' to ''vigorous,'' strongly influences overall tree size, with own-rooted trees generally equivalent to or larger than trees of the same genotype grafted on the most vigorous clonal rootstocks (Ferree, 1988;Larsen and Higgins, 1990;Quamme and Brownlee, 1993) or on seedling rootstocks (Zimmerman and Miller, 1991).…”

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Architecture and size relations: an essay on the apple (Malus × domestica, Rosaceae) tree

Lauri

Maguylo

Trottier

2006

American J of Botany

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The influence of tree size independent of age on some architectural features (annual shoot length, lateral branching, flowering) was investigated on 4-yr-old apple (Malus × domestica) trees either own-rooted or grafted on the dwarfing rootstock M.9, giving rise to large and small trees, respectively. Tree size significantly affected the length of the first annual shoot of bottom branches with a lesser effect on the subsequent annual shoots of the same branches and on branches situated higher in the tree canopy. The linear regression parameters, i.e., slopes and intercepts, between annual shoot length and number of growing laterals were affected by the genotype and, depending on genotype, by tree size. Flowering was generally lower, delayed, and more irregular on large trees compared to small trees, with on average similar ranking of genotypes regardless of tree size. This study provides evidence for a specific effect of tree size, as affected by the root system, on architectural development of the apple tree regardless of the genotype. From an architectural viewpoint, the dwarfing mechanism could be interpreted as a faster physiological aging essentially related to the reduction in length of the first annual shoot of bottom branches and the high flowering on this shoot.

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Strain and Rootstock Effects on Spur Characteristics and Yield of `Delicious' Apple Strains

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluating Twenty-eight Strains of `Delicious' Apple in Michigan

Evaluating Twenty-eight Strains of `Delicious' Apple in Michigan

Tree Growth and Productivity and Postharvest Fruit Quality in Various Strains of `Delicious' Apple

Architecture and size relations: an essay on the apple (Malus × domestica, Rosaceae) tree

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