Strain analysis and fold shape in a limestone layer and implications for layer rheology

RETRACTED: Finite strain and deformation from a refolded region of the Dudatoli-Almora Crystalline, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya

“…The state of finite strain has proved to be a significant tool in the interpretation of folds and folding processes in rocks (Ramsay, 1967;Fletcher, 1974;Groshong, 1975;Pfiffner, 1980;Spang et al, 1980;Hudleston and Holst, 1984;Holst and Fossen, 1987). Further, the variation of strain in rocks may be studied through the measurements of strained objects, or from geometric studies of structures such as folds and rock fabric studies.…”

Very low temperature, natural deformation of fine grained limestone: a case study from the Lucania region, southern Apennines, Italy

“…In the studied folded limestone layer from the Calcari con selce Fm there is no unique interpretation of the measured strain distribution in terms of the idealized strain pattern predicted by the various folding models [18,32]. On a first approximation, the strain pattern around the fold profile Pendicular to the axial surface.…”

“…Such pressure solution surfaces sub-parallel to the axial plane probably developed at a late stage of folding :-"hen the limbs had become appressed and further buckling •nhibited. Compressional strain was then more nearly homogeneously distributed across the whole fold [32,43] . Despite the presence of these pressure solution films and of those radiating away from the intrados, the overall smoothness of curvature of bedding around and within the fold and the s.rnoothness of variation in strain pattern indicate penetrative and smoothly varying deformation on a centimeter scale.…”

“…Strain in the fold is, of course, inhomogeneous, but it is necessary to assume homogeneous strain in a given section of the fold profile to carry out the strain determination [32]. These sections must be small enough to approximate the condition of homogt!neous strain and to reflect strain variations.…”

StrainModeler: A Mathematica™-based program for 3D analysis of finite and progressive strain

“…Homogeneous strain in small rock volumes is assumed in this approach. This is the method used for example by Hudleston and Holst (1984), Holst and Fossen (1987) and Bobillo-Ares et al (2004).…”