Strabismus in Craniosynostosis

Rosenberg, Jamie B.; Tepper, Oren M.; Medow, Norman B.

doi:10.3928/01913913-20121113-02

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Exotropia is the major type of strabismus in Crouzon syndrome and Apert syndrome. 10 Kreiborg and Cohen 11 reported that the incidence of exotropia in Crouzon syndrome was 76.6% and both the inner and the outer interorbital distances were significantly greater than that of normal orbits, resulting in an increase in the opening angle of the orbits between both lateral walls. Morax 12 studied changes in the position of the eye in patients with Crouzon syndrome after a sagittal expansion of the orbit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in angle of optic nerve and angle of ocular orbit with increasing age in Japanese children

et al. 2014

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PurposeTo study changes in the opening angle of the optic nerve and the angle of the ocular orbit with increasing age in normal Japanese children.MethodsWe studied 147 normal children (aged 6 months to 18 years) who had undergone CT as a diagnostic procedure. Measurements were performed on axial CT images that included the entire optic nerve of both eyes. The opening angle of the optic nerve was defined as the angle formed by the intersection of a line running through the left optic nerve and a vertical line passing through the centre of the nose. The opening angle of the orbit was defined as the angle formed by the intersection of a line running tangentially along the deep lateral wall of the left orbit and a vertical line passing through the centre of the nose. The relationship between age and these opening angles was analysed by regression analysis.ResultsThe correlation between age and opening angle of the optic nerve was not significant. In contrast, the opening angle of the orbit decreased relatively rapidly until about 2–3 years of age, and then it stabilised. The decrease in the opening angle of the orbit with increasing age was significant (p<0.001). The relationship between these two parameters was best fitted by a logarithmic regression curve.ConclusionsBecause the opening angle of the orbit decreased significantly with increasing age, this factor must be considered when diagnosing and treating strabismus in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in angle of optic nerve and angle of ocular orbit with increasing age in Japanese children

et al. 2014

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“…Strabismus complication rates in craniosynostosis have been reported to range from 39% to 90.9%, with the most common type of strabismus in Crouzon and Apert syndromes reported to be exotropia. 15 , 16 Morax reported that the eye position in Crouzon syndrome after sagittal expansion surgery of the orbit changed from preoperative exotropia to postoperative orthophoria in eight of nine patients. 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental change of the biorbital angle in normal Japanese infants

Yagasaki¹,

Tsukui

2018

OPTH

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PurposeTo investigate postnatal changes in the biorbital angle in normal Japanese children.Subjects and methodsAxial imaging of the orbit in the transverse plane of the horizontal extraocular muscles was obtained in 129 ophthalmologically healthy infants (age ranging from a few months to 11 years). The opening angle between both lateral walls of the orbit was defined as the biorbital angle.ResultsThe mean biorbital angle in 11 infants less than a year of age was 105.0°±6.0°. The mean biorbital angles for each of the subsequent age groups were 97.7°±3.1°, 96.2°±4.0°, 96.3°±4.1°, 92.8°±3.8°, 92.3°±2.3°, 93.1°±2.8°, 91.5°±3.9°, 91.9°±2.3°, 91.4°±2.3°, and 90.9°±3.1°. The mean biorbital angle in infants less than a year old was significantly larger than those found in the groups of infants older than 1 year (P<0.01, Newman–Keuls test).ConclusionThe biorbital angle in infants less than a year old was larger than that found in infants older than 1 year, with this larger biorbital angle potentially the causative factor of the observed exotropia seen in 70%–80% of newborns gradually disappearing in most cases by 2–4 months of age.

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“…6 Strabismus is also common in patients with UCS, with rates of 39% to 91%. 13,32,56 The primary treatment options for UCS include endoscopic surgery followed by helmet therapy and release operations along with springs or distractors and frontoorbital advancement procedures. Interestingly, early operation seems to increase beneficial outcomes for correction of orbital dysmorphology, ocular abnormalities, and facial asymmetry.…”

Section: Unilateral Coronal Synostosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the management of single-suture craniosynostosis, past, present, and future

Proctor¹,

Meara

2019

Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics

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BACKGROUNDCraniosynostosis is a condition in which 2 or more of the skull bones fuse prematurely. The spectrum of the disorder most commonly involves the closure of a single suture in the skull, but it can also involve syndromic diagnoses in which multiple skull bones and/or bones outside of the cranium are affected. Craniosynostosis can result in cosmetic deformity as well as potential limitations in brain growth and development, and the neurocognitive impact of the condition is just starting to be studied more thoroughly. Our knowledge regarding the genetics of this condition has also evolved substantially. In this review, the authors explore the medical and surgical advancements in understanding and treating this condition over the past century, with a focus on how the diagnosis and treatment have evolved.METHODSIn this review article, the authors, who are the leaders of a craniofacial team at a major academic pediatric hospital, focus on single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) affecting the 6 major cranial sutures and discuss the evolution of the treatment of SSC from its early history in modern medicine through the current state of the art and future trends. This discussion is based on the authors’ broad experience and a comprehensive review of the literature.SUMMARYThe management of SSC has evolved substantially over the past 100 years. There have been major advances in technology and medical knowledge that have allowed for safer treatment of this condition through the use of newer techniques and technologies in the fields of surgery, anesthesia, and critical care. The use of less invasive surgical techniques along with other innovations has led to improved outcomes in SSC patients. The future of SSC treatment will likely be guided by elucidation of the causes of neurocognitive delay in these children and assessment of how the timing and type of surgery can mitigate adverse outcomes.

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Strabismus in Craniosynostosis

Cited by 45 publications

References 62 publications

Changes in angle of optic nerve and angle of ocular orbit with increasing age in Japanese children

Changes in angle of optic nerve and angle of ocular orbit with increasing age in Japanese children

Developmental change of the biorbital angle in normal Japanese infants

A review of the management of single-suture craniosynostosis, past, present, and future

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