STPA-Driven Multilevel Runtime Monitoring for In-Time Hazard Detection

STPA for Learning-Enabled Systems: A Survey and A New Practice

“…STPA appears to be effective in analysing such complex CPSs, thanks to its holistic and systematic approach, emphasising causality for early hazard identification. c) Modification of the Method: While STPA can be directly applied on LESs, due to the intricacy of LESs, many studies advocate combining STPA with other safety analysis methods, e.g., the aforementioned STPA-sec and STPA-priv, the combined use of STPA and Causal Analysis based on System Theory (CAST) [2], a hybrid method for assessing system reliability combines STPA and Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) [5], and the combination of STPA with Uncontrolled Flows of Information and Energy (UFoI-E) [27], Bow Tie methodology (Bowtie) [11], Fault tree analysis (FTA) [9] and multilevel run-time monitors [24]. It is also feasible to integrate STPA with hierarchical modelling approaches for intricate systems [50], [31].…”