Storms and shoreline retreat in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

Forbes, Donald L.; Parkes, George S.; Manson, Gavin K.; Ketch, Lorne A.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.009

Cited by 178 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, fragmented icefeet (seasonal accumulation of ice on the beach at high-water mark) and drift ice can potentially accentuate impacts at the coast when mobilized by high tides and winter waves. Ice ride-up and pile-up can then transport sediment landward (Forbes et al 2004). Storms occurring between mid-January and early March often have a negligible impact on coastal habitats because of ice cover protecting the shore from surge waves (Forbes et al 2001, Forbes 2004, although our data suggest that at least three winter storms altered beaches (Table 2, storms 5-7).…”

Section: Effects Of Storms On Piping Plover Habitatmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Storms that have the greatest impact on the coastlines of southeastern New Brunswick are usually associated with northeasterly winds, i.e., extratropical storms, which typically occur during late fall or early winter (Forbes et al 2004). Wave energy during fall storms is at its maximum, whereas the impact of winter storms may be reduced by ice cover that diminishes wave energy, thereby affording natural coastal protection.…”

Section: Effects Of Storms On Piping Plover Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Piping Plover response to coastal storms occurring during the nonbreeding season

Bourque¹,

Villard²,

Mazerolle³

et al. 2015

ACE

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However, to our knowledge, no test of this pattern has been conducted over a regional scale. We hypothesized that Piping Plover abundance would increase after large coastal storms occurring during the nonbreeding season. However, we expected a delay in the colonization of newly created habitat owing to low-density populations, combined with high site fidelity of adults and high variability in survival rate of subadults. We tested this hypothesis using a 27-year (1986-2012) data set of Piping Plover abundance and productivity (nesting pairs and fledged young) collected at five sites in eastern New Brunswick. We identified 11 major storms that could potentially have modified Piping Plover habitat over the study period. The number of fledged young increased three years after a major storm, but the relationship was much weaker for the number of nesting pairs. These findings are consistent with the hypothesized increase in suitable habitat after coastal storms. Including storm occurrence with other factors influencing habitat quality will enhance Piping Plover conservation strategies. Réponse du Pluvier siffleur aux tempêtes côtières survenant en dehors de la saison de reproductionRÉSUMÉ. L'augmentation de la fréquence et de l'intensité des tempêtes côtières prévue dans la plupart des scénarios de changements climatiques modifiera vraisemblablement la configuration des plages et les milieux associés de façon substantielle. L'objectif de la présente étude était d'analyser l'impact des tempêtes côtières sur une population nicheuse du Pluvier siffleur (Charadrius melodus melodus), espèce en voie de disparition, dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, au Canada. Des recherches antérieures ont montré que le nombre de Pluviers siffleurs nicheurs pourrait augmenter à la suite de tempêtes susceptibles de créer de nouveaux milieux de nidification sur certaines plages. Toutefois, selon nos connaissances, il n'y a eu aucun test de cette tendance à l'échelle régionale. Nous avons testé l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'abondance de ce pluvier augmenterait à la suite de tempêtes côtières importantes survenant en dehors de la saison de reproduction. Cependant, nous nous attendions à un décalage dans la colonisation des nouveaux milieux créés en raison de la faible densité des populations, combinée à la grande fidélité au site des adultes et au taux de survie très variable observé chez les jeunes. Nous avons analysé un jeu de données de 27 années (1986-2012) comprenant l'abondance et la productivité (couples nicheurs et jeunes aptes au vol) du Pluvier siffleur, récoltées à cinq sites dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick. Nous avons identifié onze tempêtes nous paraissant suffisamment importantes pour modifier l'habitat du Pluvier siffleur au cours de la période de l'étude. Le nombre de jeunes ayant pris leur envol a augmenté 3 ans après une tempête importante, mais la relation avec le nombre de couples nicheurs était beaucoup plus faible. Ces résultats concordent avec l'augmentation supposée du nombre de milieux de nidification propices c...

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Section: Effects Of Storms On Piping Plover Habitatmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Effects Of Storms On Piping Plover Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piping Plover response to coastal storms occurring during the nonbreeding season

Bourque¹,

Villard²,

Mazerolle³

et al. 2015

ACE

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“…5 Most common observation in this region. 6 Second most mentioned observation in this region. 7 E.g., Shippagan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Climatic and Environmental Changes Affecting Communities in Atlantic Canada

2017

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Small rural coastal communities located in Atlantic Canada are vulnerable to the effects of climate and environmental changes. Major storms have impounded the coastline, causing much physical damage and affecting the socioeconomics of these communities that are composed of an aging population. The current study relays findings based on interviews completed in 2011-2012, following the 2010 winter storms in Atlantic Canada. It portrays the physical and social-ecological impacts affecting 10 coastal communities located in the provinces of Québec, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Semi-structured interviews held in these provinces are the basis for the contributions of this research. The findings reveal physical changes related to coastal erosion from high-wave impacts and storm surge causing flooding of the coastal zone. Also considered are strategies preferred and actually implemented by residents, such as building of protection walls, although undesirable. Due to funding constraints, however, many of these large-scale flood protection projects are not possible without governmental support. Instead, it is suggested that development be controlled and some respondents in this study upheld that relocation be used to alleviate the situation. Finally, more work is required to improve emergency planning. Better concerted short-and long-term responses need to be coordinated by local authorities and higher up in the government in order to ensure the sustainability of these coastal communities.

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“…Moreover, relative sea-level rise on low-relief, easily eroded, shores leads to rapid retreat, accentuated by melting of permafrost that binds coastal sediments, warmer ground temperatures, enhanced thaw, and subsidence associated with the melting of massive ground ice, as recorded at sites in Arctic Canada (Forbes et al, 2004b;Manson et al, 2006), northern USA (Smith, 2002b;Lestak et al, 2004) and northern Russia (Koreysha et al, 2002;Nikiforov et al, 2003;Ogorodov, 2003). Mid-latitude coasts with seasonal sea ice may also respond to reduced ice cover; ice extent has diminished over recent decades in the Bering and Baltic Seas (ARAG, 1999;Jevrejeva et al, 2004) and possibly in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Forbes et al, 2002).…”

Section: Thresholds In the Behaviour Of Coastal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high rates of erosion experienced by beach communities on Delaware's Atlantic coast (USA) are already requiring publicly funded beach nourishment projects in order to sustain the area's attractiveness as a summer resort (Daniel, 2001). Along the east coast of the United States and Canada, sea-level rise over the last century has reduced the return period of extreme water levels, exacerbating the damage to fixed structures from modern storms compared to the same events a century ago (Zhang et al, 2000;Forbes et al, 2004a). These and other studies have raised major questions, including: (i) the feasibility, implications and acceptability of shoreline retreat; (ii) the appropriate type of shoreline protection (e.g., beach nourishment, hard protection or other typically expensive responses) in situations where rates of shoreline retreat are increasing; (iii) doubts as to the longer-term sustainability of such interventions; and (iv) whether insurance provided by the public and private sectors encourages people to build, and rebuild, in vulnerable areas.…”

Section: Socio-economic Consequences Under Current Climate Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Systems and Low-Lying Areas

Field¹,

Barros²,

Dokken³

et al.

Climate Change 2014 Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability

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Since the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), our understanding of the implications of climate change for coastal systems and low-lying areas (henceforth referred to as 'coasts') has increased substantially and six important policy-relevant messages have emerged. Coasts are experiencing the adverse consequences of hazards related to climate and sea level (very high confidence). Coasts are highly vulnerable to extreme events, such as storms, which impose substantial costs on coastal societies [6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.5.2]. Annually, about 120 million people are exposed to tropical cyclone hazards, which killed 250,000 people from 1980 to 2000 [6.5.2]. Through the 20th century, global rise of sea level contributed to increased coastal inundation, erosion and ecosystem losses, but with considerable local and regional variation due to other factors [6.2.5, 6.4.1]. Late 20th century effects of rising temperature include loss of sea ice, thawing of permafrost and associated coastal retreat, and more frequent coral bleaching and mortality [6.2.5]. Coasts will be exposed to increasing risks, including coastal erosion, over coming decades due to climate change and sea-level rise (very high confidence). Anticipated climate-related changes include: an accelerated rise in sea level of up to 0.6 m or more by 2100; a further rise in sea surface temperatures by up to 3°C; an intensification of tropical and extratropical cyclones; larger extreme waves and storm surges; altered precipitation/run-off; and ocean acidification [6.3.2]. These phenomena will vary considerably at regional and local scales, but the impacts are virtually certain to be overwhelmingly negative [6.4, 6.5.3].

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Storms and shoreline retreat in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

Cited by 178 publications

References 54 publications

Piping Plover response to coastal storms occurring during the nonbreeding season

Piping Plover response to coastal storms occurring during the nonbreeding season

Climatic and Environmental Changes Affecting Communities in Atlantic Canada

Coastal Systems and Low-Lying Areas

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