Storm Surge Heights and Damage Caused by the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Along the Leyte Gulf Coast

Mikami, Takahito; Shibayama, Tomoya; Takagi, Hiroshi; Matsumaru, Ryo; Esteban, Miguel; Thao, Nguyen Danh; Leon, Mario de; Valenzuela, Ven Paolo; Oyama, Takahiro; Nakamura, Ryota; Kumagai, Kenzou; Li, Siyang

doi:10.1142/s0578563416400052

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These are also very important problems, and are likely to become worse as the extent of ground subsidence increases. Also, the possibility of the dykes failing during overtopping is not considered, despite this having been identified as a major problem in recent years (e.g., dramatic dyke failures during the 2011 Tohoku tsunami [17] and the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan [18]). However, such matters are outside the scope of the present paper, and should be the target of future work.…”

Section: Future Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence

et al. 2017

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Jakarta has been experiencing severe land subsidence over the last few decades. A questionnaire survey of local inhabitants revealed that seawater is already overtopping coastal dykes and flooding a vulnerable community along Jakarta's waterfront. The present study projects coastal floods around Jakarta until the year 2050 to understand the long term effectiveness of proposed dykes under continuing rapid land subsidence scenarios. This is done through a hydrodynamic model that considers land subsidence, sea-level rise, and tides. The analysis confirms that, if high enough, coastal dykes will help to prevent flooding, though their effectiveness will eventually disappear as land subsidence continues. For example, a 3-m dyke, which is expected to be sufficiently high to cope with present-day conditions, could completely lose its ability to stop floods by the year 2040. Moreover, higher dykes can also bring about other problems, because if they are overtopped, they actually prolong flooding, essentially trapping a higher volume of water inland. On the other hand, a small 1-m dyke can be expected to stop coastal floods if land subsidence can be stopped. This study demonstrates that actions to stop land subsidence would be the most effective countermeasure to mitigate coastal floods from the middle of the 21st century onwards, emphasizing the need to prioritize such actions among the range of countermeasures being proposed for Jakarta.

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Section: Future Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence

et al. 2017

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“…Typhoon Haiyan caused the worst storm surge disaster in the recorded history of the Philippines, striking Leyte Island in November 2013 and causing inundations of up to 6-7 m in Tacloban City, where most casualties occurred (Nakamura et al, 2015;Mikami et al, 2016;Esteban et al, 2015Esteban et al, , 2016. High inundation heights were observed even outside the Leyte Gulf along the eastern coast of Eastern Samar, which faces the Pacific Ocean in the deep Philippine Trench.…”

Section: Typhoon Haiyanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific

Takagi

2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (R max )is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This study reviews the existing estimation methods for R max based on central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over-or underestimate R max because of substantial variations in the data, although an average radius can be estimated with moderate accuracy. As an alternative, we propose an R max estimation method based on the radius of the 50 kt wind (R 50 ). Data obtained by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago during the passage of strong typhoons, together with the JMA typhoon best track data for 1990-2013, enabled us to derive the following simple equation, R max = 0.23 R 50 . Application to a recent strong typhoon, the 2015 Typhoon Goni, confirms that the equation provides a good estimation of R max , particularly when the central pressure became considerably low. Although this new method substantially improves the estimation of R max compared to the existing models, estimation errors are unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan as well as 2015 Typhoon Goni demonstrates a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different R max . Therefore, the variability of R max should be taken into account in storm surge simulations (e.g., R max = 0.15 R 50 -0.35 R 50 ), independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over-or underestimating storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the predictability of major storm surges and to contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

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“…This contrasts to neighbouring countries, which have recently experienced several large disasters exceeding 5,000 casualties, contributing to raising awareness. This includes for example the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami [3], the 2008 Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar [4], the 2009 and 2010 tsunamis in Samoa and Mentawai [5][6][7], the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami [8,9], and the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This seems to also be the case for other countries around the world. For example, in the case of typhoon Haiyan in 2013, one of the strongest typhoons in recent times [10,11], it appeared that local residents had a low level of awareness about the nature of storm surges [24]. Many residents seemed not to understand the concept of storm surge, with a number of individual expressing how it would have been better for authorities to describe it as a "tsunami [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Coastal Disasters: Case of an Impoverished Low-Lying River Mouth Community in Southern Vietnam

Esteban¹,

Takagi²,

Valenzuela³

et al. 2017

J-Sustain

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Impoverished communities often suffer disproportionately due to natural hazards, as their inhabitants live in lands which are particularly prone to natural hazards, and exhibit lower levels of awareness and preparedness than other communities. In the present research the authors conducted structured questionnaire surveys amongst a poor community living on top of discarded sea shells in a river bank in Phan Thiet in Southern Vietnam in order to understand the level of awareness of residents against coastal hazard. The results show that although local inhabitants appear to have a moderate to high level of awareness about flooding and typhoon hazards, the evaluation of the risk that they pose to them is moderate to low. Despite the low frequency of coastal hazards in the area, the consequences of any significant event would be disastrous, as the community is located less than half a metre above water level. Thus, it is imperative that better countermeasures are put in place in the area to improve the resilience of inhabitants and ensure the long-term sustainability of the settlement. .

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Storm Surge Heights and Damage Caused by the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Along the Leyte Gulf Coast

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence

Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence

Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific

Awareness of Coastal Disasters: Case of an Impoverished Low-Lying River Mouth Community in Southern Vietnam

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Storm Surge Heights and Damage Caused by the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Along the Leyte Gulf Coast

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence

Effectiveness and Limitation of Coastal Dykes in Jakarta: The Need for Prioritizing Actions against Land Subsidence

Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific

Awareness of Coastal Disasters: Case of an Impoverished Low-Lying River Mouth Community in Southern Vietnam

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Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific