Identifying the key factors governing the expansion of a species' range is difficult because of the multiple interactions of environmental and biological factors. Among the biological factors are breeding parameters, which at the edge of a species' range may indicate the traits involved in limiting species distribution. To evaluate whether the hatching success of two sympatric species of terns was dependent on weather parameters, a study was carried out in the valley of the River Bug in eastern Poland. During 2007-2010, nine colonies with 113 clutches of Whitewinged Tern (CHL, an expansive species, new to the region since 1997) and 92 clutches of Black Tern (CHN, a non-expansive species, nesting in stable numbers in this region for many years) were monitored. CHN arrived on average 9 days earlier than CHL. While CHN arrived in east-central Poland earlier and earlier during the 1998-2013 period, no such trend was recorded for CHL. The clutch initiation median in CHL was 8 days later than in CHN. The hatching success of CHL was statistically less than that of CHN (41.6 vs. 69.6%). A general discriminant analysis model showed that successful CHL clutches depended on the maximum daytime wind speed (strong winds can be disastrous for breeding terns), colony identity and clutch initiation date. In the case of CHN, none of these factors had a statistically significant influence on hatching success, although the clutch initiation date was very close to being significant. These results suggest that a species which nested in the same location for a long time in relation to ambient weather conditions has higher hatching success than the one which is in the process of expanding its distribution range.