Storm-Induced Morphology Changes along Barrier Islands and Poststorm Recovery

“…Future studies of sediment transport on North Captiva Island should further explore where alternative sources of sediment may come from, and the role that sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, or on neighboring islands, may play in island re-nourishment. The effects of rising sea level should also be monitored closely in relation to island reshaping and the ability to recover from storms [13]. Additionally, future studies detailing sediment transport should consider aspects of land usage and the alteration of natural land barriers where applicable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Hurricane Charley has had the greatest physical impact on the shoreline of North Captiva, other factors also have contributed to the changes in its morphology. Additional storms that hit the southwest Florida region such as Ivan in 2004, and more frequent winter storms also played a significant role in the shoreline evolution of this barrier island [13,14]. The modern coastline of North Captiva Island fits into this sediment transport pattern as well, as the island continues to erode in the north and widen in the south from sediment transport via longshore currents where the breach once was [7].…”

Section: North Captiva Historic Imagerymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Geosciences 2021, 11, 358 2 of 10 Hurricane Charley On 9 August 2004, a tropical depression developed south-southeast of Barbados, and approaching Jamaica two days later, became Hurricane Charley, reaching a Category 4 status on 13 August 2004, when it made landfall on the southwest coast of Florida [5]. Landing near Cayo Costa just north of Captiva Island, Charley had maximum sustained winds nearing 150 mph [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphologic Recovery of North Captiva Island from the Landfall of Hurricane Charley in 2004

Kelly

Jose

2021

Geosciences

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Hurricane Charley made landfall on the Gulf Coast of Florida on 13 August 2004 as a category 4 hurricane, devastating North Captiva Island. The hurricane caused a breach to occur to the southern end of the island, which naturally healed itself over the course of three years. By 2008, the cut was completely repaired geomorphologically. LiDAR data analysis shows the northern half of the island has been subjected to persistent erosion from 1998–2018, while the southern half experienced accretion since 2004, including the complete closure of the “Charley cut”. The maximum volume of sediment erosion in the northern sector of the island (R71–R73) from 2004–2018 was −85,710.1 m3, which was the source of southern accretion. The breached area of the island (R78b–R79a) obtained 500,163.9 m3 of sediments from 2004–2018 to heal the cut made by Hurricane Charley. Along with LiDAR data analysis, Google Earth Pro historical imageries and SANDS volumetric analysis confirmed the longshore transport of sediments from the northern to the southern end of the island. Winter storms are mainly responsible for this southerly longshore transport and are hypothesized to be the main factor driving the coastal dynamics that restored the breach and helps in widening the southern end of North Captiva Island.

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“…Barrier islands are some of the most dynamic coastal zone environments due to their exposed position at the land-sea interface (Leatherman and Beller-Simms, 1997). They are highly vulnerable to storm events and contaminations, yet particularly desirable areas for tourism development (Wang and Roberts Briggs, 2015). The coastal geomorphology of barrier islands is shaped by waves, tides, currents, and its geology primarily consisting of highly permeable sand deposits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm-Driven Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Nutrient Fluxes From a Barrier Island

et al. 2021

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Quantifying and characterizing groundwater flow and discharge from barrier islands to coastal waters is crucial for assessing freshwater resources and contaminant transport to the ocean. In this study, we examined the groundwater hydrological response, discharge, and associated nutrient fluxes in Dauphin Island, a barrier island located in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. We employed radon (222Rn) and radium (Ra) isotopes as tracers to evaluate the temporal and spatial variability of fresh and recirculated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the nearshore waters. The results from a 40-day continuous 222Rn time series conducted during a rainy season suggest that the coastal area surrounding Dauphin Island was river-dominated in the days after storm events. Groundwater response was detected about 1 week after the precipitation and peak river discharge. During the period when SGD was a factor in the nutrient budget of the coastal area, the total SGD rates were as high as 1.36 m day–1, or almost three times higher than detected fluxes during the river-dominated period. We found from a three-endmember Ra mixing model that most of the SGD from the barrier island was composed of fresh groundwater. SGD was driven by marine and terrestrial forces, and focused on the southeastern part of the island. We observed spatial variability of nutrients in the subterranean estuary across this part of the island. Reduced nitrogen (i.e., NH4+ and dissolved organic nitrogen) fluxes dominated the eastern shore with average rates of 4.88 and 5.20 mmol m–2 day–1, respectively. In contrast, NO3– was prevalent along the south-central shore, which has significant tourism developments. The contrasting nutrient dynamics resulted in N- and P-limited coastal water in the different parts of the island. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding groundwater flow and dynamics in barrier islands, particularly those urbanized, prone to storm events, or located near large estuaries.

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Storm-Induced Morphology Changes along Barrier Islands and Poststorm Recovery

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

The role of beach state and the timing of pre-storm surveys in determining the accuracy of storm impact assessments

The role of beach state and the timing of pre-storm surveys in determining the accuracy of storm impact assessments

Geomorphologic Recovery of North Captiva Island from the Landfall of Hurricane Charley in 2004

Storm-Driven Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge and Nutrient Fluxes From a Barrier Island

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