Storage of Root Reserves in Rhodes Grass

Weinmann, H.

doi:10.1104/pp.15.3.467

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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confidence: 79%

“…Plants cut less frequently and less severely have a greater opportunity to synthesize and maintain reserve food materials which are available for the production of new growth than plants more severely grazed. That carbohydrates are important as reserve substances in pasture plant economy has been pointed out by earlier workers (1,4,7, 8,13,14,15,16,25,27,28).The specific carbohydrates which may be considered "reserves" that can be utilized by the plants for purposes of respiration and production of new tissues have not been definitely established. WEINMANN (27) considered that sugars and polysaccharides hydrolyzable by hot dilute HCl were lost from the tops of some South African grasses after the time of flowering and were largely recovered in the roots.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…WEINMANN (27) considered that sugars and polysaccharides hydrolyzable by hot dilute HCl were lost from the tops of some South African grasses after the time of flowering and were largely recovered in the roots. In another contribution (28), the seasonal changes in the composition of roots were described as mainly due to translocation and storage.…”

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Composition of the Roots and Stubble of Perennial Ryegrass Following Partial Defoliation

Sullivan¹,

Sprague²

1943

Plant Physiol.

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When the foliar portion of a grass plant is removed by a mower or by a grazing animal, the growth of new tissues is initiated to replace the parts removed. The rate with which the regeneration of new top growth proceeds and the total amount produced are of great importance in forage production. This rate of recovery and total yield, although dependent to a large extent upon external environmental factors, are also influenced considerably by the intensity and frequency of defoliation as determined by management practices. Evidence has been offered by many workers (5, 9,10, 11,21,23,24,26,29) that close and frequent clipping or grazing reduces the total yield of tops of forage plants.Associated with the ability of the plant to produce new growth after cutting is its chemical composition. Plants cut less frequently and less severely have a greater opportunity to synthesize and maintain reserve food materials which are available for the production of new growth than plants more severely grazed. That carbohydrates are important as reserve substances in pasture plant economy has been pointed out by earlier workers (1,4,7, 8,13,14,15,16,25,27,28).The specific carbohydrates which may be considered "reserves" that can be utilized by the plants for purposes of respiration and production of new tissues have not been definitely established. WEINMANN (27) considered that sugars and polysaccharides hydrolyzable by hot dilute HCl were lost from the tops of some South African grasses after the time of flowering and were largely recovered in the roots. In another contribution (28), the seasonal changes in the composition of roots were described as mainly due to translocation and storage. Sugars and starch (polysaccharides rendered soluble by saliva and hydrolyzed by HCl) were considered of importance but the results with total hydrolyzable polysaccharides were not conclusive and were not reported. In alfalfa, ALBERT (2), GRABER, et al. (8), and LEUKEI (13)

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Composition of the Roots and Stubble of Perennial Ryegrass Following Partial Defoliation

Sullivan¹,

Sprague²

1943

Plant Physiol.

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“…The seasonal root development of the same species was studied at Aberystwyth by Stapledon and Milton (4), who found that in plants grown in the open, root development was progressive from April to September. Sturkie (5) found that the root-stocks of Sorghum halepense developed after the aerial parts had matured, and according to Sampson and McCarty (6), root growth in Stipa pulchra occurred in autumn and winter when herbage growth had practically ceased, SimUar observations were made by Weinmann (7) on Chloris gayanq,, Rhodes grass. 115…”

Section: Seasonal Underground Developmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Underground Development and Reserves of Grasses a Review

Weinmann¹

1948

Grass and Forage Science

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The roots of plants are the least known, least understood and least appreciated part of the plant."-^\Veaver and Bruner (125).The underground parts of perennial grasses serve not only as anchorage and organs of absorption of water and nutrients, but also for the storage of reserves, and there exist significant interrelations between herbage growth and underground development. The aim of modem grassland husbandry is to produce and maintain maximum yields of high qiiality fodder. To achieve this, an imderstanding of the functions of the undergromid organs, their relations to the aerial parts, and their responses to environmental factors and cultviral treatments appears indispensable. Our knowledge on this subject is still fragmentary, and it is hoped that this reView of available evidence will stimulate further research on these matters. SEASONAL UNDERGROUND DEVELOPMENTOnly a limited amount of work has been undertaken regarding the seasonal development of the roots and other underground organs of grasses. According to Trowbridge and co-workers (1) the weight of the corms of Phleum pratense, growing under Missouri conditions, was lowest in spring, and increased rapidly to the early bloom stage and then more slowly to maturity. Brown (2), also working in Missouri, found that spring and autumn were the more favourable seasons for root and rhizome growth in Poa pratensis. Root growth was most active during early spring at mean temperatures below 60°F, whereas rhizomes developed most rapidly in late spring and early summer. Both roots and rhizomes usually lost weight during summer at mean temperatures near or above 80°F.In Germany, Remy (3) obtained evidence that in Dactylis glomerata, grown in the greenhouse, the weight of the root system increased from mid-summer to late autumn. The seasonal root development of the same species was studied at Aberystwyth by Stapledon and Milton (4), who found that in plants grown in the open, root development was progressive from April to September. Sturkie (5) found that the root-stocks of Sorghum halepense developed after the aerial parts had matured, and according to Sampson and McCarty (6), root growth in Stipa pulchra occurred in autumn and winter when herbage growth had practically ceased, SimUar observations were made by Weinmann (7) on Chloris gayanq,, Rhodes grass. 115

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“…Stuckey (11), Baker (1), Troughton (12,13) and Weinmann (16) have all reported a decrease or cessation in root production associated with various stages of floral development. Such an effect would be expected to reduce a plant's ability to compete for nutrients or water, when in association with a plant still in a largely vegetative state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth and Development of Some Grass Species Under Competitive Stress

Rhodes¹

1968

Grass and Forage Science

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Two pot experiments were carried out in a semi-controlled environment to examine the response of individual plants to competitive stress in simple systems incorporating varying cutting frequencies and soil-nitrogen levels. A third experiment was set up outdoors to examine the effect of competition on individuals in an association, on the association as a whole, and lo extend the controlled environment studies to a more complex model involving micro-plots. Phalaris coerulescens, although its seedlings possessed a high competitive ability, showed a dramatic decline in competitive ability in later stages of the association, this decline being associated with extensive fioral development. In micro-plots the effect of competition was so severe as to prevent the expression of seasonal growth characteristics by P. coerulescens. Considerable inter-specific differences existed in the response to competition of leaf-area production per tiller during periods of regrowth. Whilst P. coerulescens remained highly productive and maintained a dense tiUei population in monocultures, its tiller regeneration following flowering was severely suppressed in competition with vegetative plants of HI ryegrass or Festuca arundinacea. The number of heads produced per plant, head length and time of head emergence were all affected by competitive stress, the former response being a reflection of the relative competitive abilities at the time of floral initiation. The response of the latter two characters reflected the decline in competitive ability which occurred during later stages of the growth and development of P. coerulescens.

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Storage of Root Reserves in Rhodes Grass

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Composition of the Roots and Stubble of Perennial Ryegrass Following Partial Defoliation

Composition of the Roots and Stubble of Perennial Ryegrass Following Partial Defoliation

Underground Development and Reserves of Grasses a Review

The Growth and Development of Some Grass Species Under Competitive Stress

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