Storage Futures Study: Storage Technology Modeling Input Data Report

Abstract

This report is one in a series of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Storage Futures Study (SFS) publications. The SFS is a multiyear research project that explores the role and impact of energy storage in the evolution and operation of the U.S. power sector. The SFS is designed to examine the potential impact of energy storage technology advancement on the deployment of utility-scale storage and the adoption of distributed storage, and the implications for future power system infrastructure investment and operations. The research findings and supporting data will be published as a series of publications. The table on the next page lists the planned publications and specific research topics they will examine under the SFS. This report, the second in the SFS series, reviews the current characteristics of a broad range of mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical storage technologies with application to the power sector. The report provides current and future projections of cost, performance characteristics, and locational availability of specific commercial technologies already deployed, including lithium-ion battery systems and pumped-storage hydropower. These projections will inform the modeling and analysis of power system evolution scenarios planned for later reports in the series.The SFS series provides data and analysis in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Storage Grand Challenge, a comprehensive program to accelerate the development, commercialization, and utilization of next-generation energy storage technologies and sustain American global leadership in energy storage. The Energy Storage Grand Challenge employs a use case framework to ensure storage technologies can cost-effectively meet specific needs, and it incorporates a broad range of technologies in several categories: electrochemical, electromechanical, thermal, flexible generation, flexible buildings, and power electronics.More information, any supporting data associated with this report, links to other reports in the series, and other information about the broader study are available at https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/storage-futures.html. iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.

Storage Futures Study: Key Learnings for the Coming Decades

“…Input Data Report (Augustine et al 2021) Reviews the current characteristics of a broad range of mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical storage technologies with application to the power sector. Provides current and future projections of cost, performance characteristics, and locational availability of specific commercial technologies already deployed, including lithium-ion battery systems and pumped storage hydropower.…”

“…Note the distinction between these power-and energy-related components is not absolute for most technologies and isolating these components can be difficult. There are many additional important factors not illustrated in Figure 4, including round-trip efficiency and potential siting restrictions discussed in detail in Augustine (2021).…”

Increasing spatial and temporal resolution in energy system optimization model – the case of Kenya

“…For residential a battery with a 1 kW capacity and energy storage of 4 kWh [4]. For commercial a capacity 600 kW and 2400 kWh storage is considered for PV mini-grid with 8h storage (at 50% capacity factor) (Augustine and Blair, 2021). The round-trip e ciency (implemented as capacity factor in the model) is expected to be 0.85 for the whole duration and recharged at the next time the capacity factor is over 0.…”

Assessing the New Home Market Opportunity: Case Study and Cost Modeling for Solar and Storage in 2030

“…For residential energy storage costs, NREL's ATB estimated that battery storage costs will decline from $331/kWh in 2020 to between $145/kWh and $253/kWh in 2030, depending on the scenario. Bloomber New Energy Finance (BNEF) (2019) also projected that battery storage costs will fall within NREL's estimated range (Augustine and Blair, 2021). Though these cost estimates are illustrative of what might happen in the new construction market, they are not directly applicable to this segment.…”

“…Starting with the newly modeled Q1 2020 baseline, three cost reduction scenarios were generated from the literature and stakeholder feedback. These three scenarios attempt to showcase a variety of hardware and soft cost reduction opportunities along with market innovations through 2030 (Ardani et al, 2018;Augustine and Blair, 2021;NREL, 2021b).…”