Storage and release of conservative solute between karst conduit and fissures using a laboratory analog

Karst water resources in a changing world: Review of solute transport modelling approaches

“…In contrast, when the flow is laminartypically characterized by lower flow and recharge conditions -, the mass exchange is generally favorable (Faulkner et al, 2009;Martin et al, 1999Martin et al, , 2012. While the advective transport in the karst conduit are mainly influenced by the conduit's structural properties (i.e., conduit size, morphology, sinuosity) and conduit networks (Aliouache et al, 2019;Field & Pinksy, 2000;Ronayne, 2013), the local and/or regional recharge characteristics adjust the flow magnitude and direction of the mass transfer between the conduit and matrix (Figure 2) (Doummar et al, 2018;Göppert & Goldscheider, 2008;Ji et al, 2022).…”

“…The karst matrix is characterized as the region where solutes can be stored for a long period and are slowly released into the conduit network (e.g., Berglund et al, 2020;Ji et al, 2022;Nativ et al, 1999;Padilla & Vesper, 2018;White & White, 2005;Worthington, 2011, among many others). As the mass transfer from the karst conduit to matrix is often controlled by the (matrix) pore diffusion and mechanical dispersion, these processes can be particularly important during the storage of solute of interest within the matrix, especially in the low permeable karst media, such as chalk (Zuber et al, 2011;Polak et al, 2002;Worthington, 2015).…”

“…TSM was then reformulated by Dewaide et al (2016) for the karst aquifers such that the karst conduits are counted as the main flow and transport regions whereas the (transient) storage zones are represented either by the pools in which eddies and vortices frequently occur (Figure 10) or by cave sediments and carbonate matrix (e.g., Deleu et al, 2023;Dewaide et al, 2018;Tinet et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2017Zhao et al, , 2019Zhao et al, , 2021. TSM is formulated as followed by, tailing in BTC (Ji et al, 2022;Yin et al, 2022). DHDM considers the combination of MRMT and DADE (Leij et al, 2012) based on the memory function and fractional derivatives (see further details in Yin et al, 2022 andJi et al, 2022).…”

“…TSM is formulated as followed by, tailing in BTC (Ji et al, 2022;Yin et al, 2022). DHDM considers the combination of MRMT and DADE (Leij et al, 2012) based on the memory function and fractional derivatives (see further details in Yin et al, 2022 andJi et al, 2022). That way, two main parameter sets in DHDM describe the individual flow velocity (advection) and (hydrodynamic) dispersion for each mobile region.…”

Comparison of two-region nonequilibrium model and transient storage model for simulating solute transport in karst conduits

“…(Field and Pinsky, 2000;Hauns et al, 2001;Field, 2002;Ford and Williams, 2007;Gunn, 2021); and 2) matrix surrounding the conduit (intergranular porosity within the matrix rock and small fracture porosity). Hyporheic flow exists (Pu and Yuan, 2013) between water in karst conduit and water in surrounding matrix due to the hydraulic pressure difference between them (Li et al, 2008;Frank et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2022), inducing the conduit-matrix exchange of water and solute (Martin and Dean, 2001;Raeisi et al, 2007). Among the immobile zones, the pool is an important factor causing appreciable tails of BTC and its effect on solute transport in karst conduits has been investigated to some extent (Hauns et al, 2001;Zhao et al, 2017Zhao et al, , 2019, which is significant for interpretation of BTC tailings.…”