Storability measures of Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings and assessment of post-storage vitality by measuring shoot electrolyte leakage

Lindström, Anders; Stattin, Eva; Gräns, Daniel; Wallin, Elisabeth

doi:10.1080/02827581.2014.977340

Cited by 13 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We also noticed high leakage levels from unfrozen control samples that could be due to leakage caused by cutting off the buds from the stem. The open surface area in the cross section will be proportionally large compared to cutting the top 2 cm of the shoot, which is a common procedure when using the SEL diff-25 -method (Lindström et al 2014). Usually, the natural leakage from unfrozen controls in this latter case varies between 5 and 10% which should be compared with 28-41% natural leakage from unfrozen buds in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The freezing test, carried out on the local Norway spruce, interior Douglas fir provenance Three Valley, and coastal Douglas fir provenance Ladysmith (Table 1), was based on methods described by Lindström et al (2014) and Malmqvist et al (2016). In this study, only buds at stages 1 and 2 were frozen.…”

Section: Freezing Tolerance Of Budsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate the electrolytic leakage from cells caused by freezing the buds to -5°C, the samples were autoclaved and the total electrolytic leakage measured. The electrolytic leakage caused by freezing the buds to -5°C was calculated as the difference between the total electrolytic leakage of frozen buds and the natural leakage from unfrozen buds (see Lindström et al 2014). …”

Section: Freezing Tolerance Of Budsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Malmqvist

Wallin

Lindström

et al. 2017

Trees

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Key message The Douglas fir provenance Three Valley was found most suitable for planting in mid-Sweden. Greenhouse tests can most likely predict how different Douglas fir provenances will perform in the field. Abstract The need for species that will grow well through ongoing climate change has increased the interest in Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in Sweden. One of the most common problems seen in plantations of Douglas fir seedlings is damage caused by late spring frost, known to be highly correlated with the timing of bud burst. The objective of this study was to investigate spring-related bud development under Nordic conditions of seven Douglas fir provenances and to compare data with a local provenance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). Results from a field trial and a greenhouse-based study were compared. The interior Douglas fir provenances exhibited an earlier bud burst than coastal provenances, both in the greenhouse and in the field trial. When comparing differences within the groups of interior and coastal Douglas fir provenances, no differences could be found. The local Norway spruce, only grown in the greenhouse, showed an intermediate bud development profile similar to the interior Douglas fir provenance Three Valley. We therefore suggest that Three Valley could be planted at the same locations as the investigated local provenance of Norway spruce in mid-Sweden. To avoid spring frost damage the Douglas fir seedlings need to be frozen stored and planted late in spring. Planting under shelterwood can also help protect the seedlings from spring frost damages. As similar results for bud development patterns of Douglas fir and Norway spruce provenances were obtained from the greenhouse and field trials, greenhouse tests could facilitate selection of provenances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Freezing Tolerance Of Budsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Freezing Tolerance Of Budsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Malmqvist

Wallin

Lindström

et al. 2017

Trees

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“…We considered it important to include the DMC test in our study because this test is commonly used in practical nursery operations. However, under certain circumstances, the DMC test may be unreliable to forecast storability as shown by Colombo (1990), Lindström (1996), and Lindström et al (2014). These observations led to the development of storability tests based on the tolerance to freezing by determining electrolyte leakage (Lindström and Håkansson 1996;Colombo 1997;Brönnum 2005) and eventually the ColdNSure™ test (Joosen et al 2006;Balk et al 2007;Balk et al 2008).…”

Section: Freezing Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced knowledge of how patterns of gene expression correspond with phenological attributes, such as freezing tolerance of seedlings, allows the possibility to use molecular tests to postpone effects of environmental changes. Freezeinduced electrolyte leakage provides a direct measure of seedling freezing tolerance (Lindström et al 2014); yet, development of freezing tolerance lags behind dormancy development (Weiser 1970;Fushigami and Nee 1987;Dormling 1993;Clapham et al 2001;Greer et al 2001;Holliday et al 2008), and so, its application is limited to several weeks after completion of SD treatment. Previous studies have investigated gene expression connected to dormancy and freezing tolerance induced by SD treatment of species such as Norway spruce (Asante et al 2011), Sitka spruce (Holliday et al 2008), and Douglas-fir (Balk et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-day photoperiods affect expression of genes related to dormancy and freezing tolerance in Norway spruce seedlings

Wallin

Gräns

Jacobs

et al. 2017

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key Message Gene expression analysis showed that prolonged short day (SD) treatment deepened dormancy and stimulated development of freezing tolerance of Picea abies seedlings. Prolonged SD treatment also caused later appearance of visible buds in autumn, reduced risks for reflushing, and promoted earlier spring bud break. & Context Short day (SD) treatment of seedlings is a common practice in boreal forest tree nurseries to regulate shoot growth and prepare the seedlings for autumn planting or frozen storage. & Aims The aim of this study was to examine responses of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) to a range of SD treatments of different length and evaluate gene expression related to dormancy induction and development of freezing tolerance. & Methods The seedlings were SD treated for 11 h a day during 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. Molecular tests were performed, and the expression profiles of dormancy and freezing tolerance-related genes were analyzed as well as determination of shoot growth, bud set, bud size, reflushing, dry matter content, and timing of spring bud break. & Results The 7-day SD treatment was as effective as longer SD treatments in terminating apical shoot growth. However, short (7 days) SD treatment resulted in later activation of dormancy-related genes and of genes related to freezing tolerance compared to the longer treatments which had an impact on seedling phenology. & Conclusion Gene expression analysis indicated an effective stimulus of dormancy-related genes when the SD treatment is prolonged for at least 1-2 weeks after shoot elongation has terminated and that seedlings thereafter are exposed to ambient outdoor climate conditions.

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Why seedlings grow: influence of plant attributes

Grossnickle¹,

2017

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Storability measures of Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings and assessment of post-storage vitality by measuring shoot electrolyte leakage

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Differences in bud burst timing and bud freezing tolerance among interior and coastal seed sources of Douglas fir

Short-day photoperiods affect expression of genes related to dormancy and freezing tolerance in Norway spruce seedlings

Why seedlings grow: influence of plant attributes

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