Stopping behavior: constraints on exploration in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Golani, Ilan; Benjamini, Yoav; Eilam, David

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80263-3

Cited by 169 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous studies [7,9,18,30] revealed that another indicator of activity is the number of stops. In accordance with these studies, the number of stops increased with arena size for all testing orders (see Table 1).…”

Section: Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locomotion in the outward bound is slower, comprising more stops compared with the homeward bound [8]. In rats, trips have an upper limit of 8-10 stops per trip [18]. While normal rats take the stops in different places and in varying sequential order, under amphetamine the locomotor behavior becomes progressively less flexible as follows: first, the number of stops in a trip decreases from 8-10 to 1-4; second, the rats tend to stop in the same few stopping places; and third, the sequential order of stops becomes more rigid, comprising 3-4 packages at low doses (0.5 mg/kg), and 1-2 packages at high doses (5 mg/kg) of amphetamine [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Eilam

2003

Behavioural Brain Research

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127

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Individual voles were tested on successive days under increasing, decreasing, or randomly changing arena size. Locomotor behavior was adjusted to arena size by (i) preserving the same level of activity, (ii) taking longer but less frequent trips in smaller arenas in contrast to taking more frequent yet shorter trips in the larger arenas, and (iii) moving in the entire space available for exploration in the smaller arenas in contrast to remaining along the walls of the open field in the larger arenas. The effect of testing order was minimal, probably being related to increased novelty under increasing arena size, as opposed to habituation under decreasing arena size, when parts of the same area were re-explored. These behavioral changes averaged up to a two-fold difference compared with the larger six-fold change in the perimeter and 44-fold change in the area of the open field. The modest change in open-field behavior indicates that it has a solid spatio-temporal structure that withstands extensive environmental changes. This behavioral stability and consistency further validates studies of pharmacological, neurological, and genetic preparations that use behavior in a small open field as representation of the general pattern of behavior.

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Section: Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Eilam

2003

Behavioural Brain Research

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127

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“…The computerized automated analysis was based on the defini tions of (a) home base, (b) excursions, and (c) stops, as outlined previously (Eilam and Golani 1990;Golani et al 1993). A "home base" was defined as the place in which the rat stayed for the longest cumulative time and to which the number of visits was the highest.…”

Section: Dexamphetamine Expert Men Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together with the fact that the behavioural response to intra-accumbens dexamphetamine differs between HR and LR (Ellenbroek and Cools 1993), this fact led us to re-investigate this question with a more sophisticated behavioural anal ysis. For that purpose, the approach of Eilam and Golani (1990;Golani et al 1993) was chosen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in vulnerability and susceptibility to dexamphetamine in Nijmegen high and low responders to novelty: a dose-effect analysis of spatio-temporal programming of behaviour

Cools¹,

Ellenbroek²,

Gingras³

et al. 1997

Psychopharmacology

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Susceptibility to behavioural effects of dex amphetamine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg, SC) was analyzed in Ni jmegen high responders to novelty (HR) and Nijmegen low responders to novelty (LR), using an automated ethological analysis. The main results were that, first, dexamphetamine was more toxic in HR than LR: 5.0 mg/kg dexamphetamine was lethal in 75% HR, re spectively, 25% LR. Second, dexamphetamine had ef fects in HR at doses far lower than in LR; a dose of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg dexamphetamine was already sufficient to produce ceiling effects in HR, whereas a minimum dose of 2.0 mg/kg dexamphetamine was required to reach ef fects of a similar magnitude in LR. Third, the behaviour al responses to 2.0 mg/kg dexamphetamine did not differ between HR and LR. These data show that HR are both more vulnerable and more susceptible to the toxic and behavioural effects of intermediate doses of dexamphet amine than LR. It is concluded that knowledge acquired previously about the neurochemical differences between Nijmegen HR (APO-SUS) and Nijmegen LR (APO-UN-SUS) rats can be used to analyze further the mechanisms of action underlying individual-specific differences in drug abuse in animals and man.

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“…This has mainly been suggested by behavioral observations, and it is compatible with data from single-cell recordings. When exploring a new environment, rats and other rodents center their excursion on a basic reference point, their fictive or real "home base" (Golani et al, 1993). As soon as it enters the new surroundings, the animal presumably uses PI continuously to compute its position vector in relation to this reference point.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Path integration in mammals

2004

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ABSTRACT:It is often assumed that navigation implies the use, by animals, of landmarks indicating the location of the goal. However, many animals (including humans) are able to return to the starting point of a journey, or to other goal sites, by relying on self-motion cues only. This process is known as path integration, and it allows an agent to calculate a route without making use of landmarks. We review the current literature on path integration and its interaction with external, location-based cues. Special importance is given to the correlation between observable behavior and the activity pattern of particular neural cell populations that implement the internal representation of space. In mammals, the latter may well be the first high-level cognitive representation to be understood at the neural level.

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Stopping behavior: constraints on exploration in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Cited by 169 publications

References 12 publications

Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Open-field behavior withstands drastic changes in arena size

Differences in vulnerability and susceptibility to dexamphetamine in Nijmegen high and low responders to novelty: a dose-effect analysis of spatio-temporal programming of behaviour

Path integration in mammals

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