Stomatal Response of Cotton to Water Stress and Abscisic Acid as Affected by Water Stress History

Ackerson, Robert C.

doi:10.1104/pp.65.3.455

Cited by 119 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As suggested by Raschke (22), full stomatal recovery could correspond to a resynthesis of enzymes degraded during stress. It is also possible that full stomatal recovery was delayed due to increased sensitivity of the guard cells to ABA (1), and/or to lack of cytokinins (5). During the final phase of stomatal reopening in leaves with stomatal resistances <3-fold prestress values (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of Abscisic Acid into the Apoplast in Response to Water Stress in Xanthium strumarium L.

Cornish¹,

Zeevaart²

1985

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of water stress on the redistribution of abcisic acid (ABA) in mature leaves of Xawthium strumarium L. was investigated using a pressure dehydration technique. In both turgid and stressed laves, the ABA in the xylem exudate, the 'apoplastic' ABA, icased before 'bulk leaf' stress-induced ABA accumulation began. In the initially turgid leaves, the ABA level remained constant in both the apoplast and the leaf as a whole until wilting symptoms appeared. Following turgor loss, sufficient quantities of ABA moved into the apoplast to stimulate stomatal closure. Thus, the initial increase of apoplastic ABA may be relevant to the rapid stomatal closure seen in stressed leaves before their bulk leaf ABA levels rise.Following recovery from water stress, elevated levels of ABA remained in the apoplast after the bulk leaf contents had returned to their prestress values. This apoplastic ABA may retard stomatal reopening during the initial recovery period.ABA is thought to be involved in the regulation of stomatal behavior during water stress (20,26). Application of ABA to intact leaves or epidermal strips induces stomatal closure (8,20) and wilted leaves accumulate large amounts of endogenous ABA (9, 29). There is now convincing evidence, however, that the decline in stomatal conductance, as water stress takes effect, often precedes the stress-induced increase in 'bulk leaf ABA (Fig. 1;4,10,15). Nevertheless, ABA may still be the causal agent of stomatal closure if the stress alters the internal distribution of the ABA already present in the unstressed leaves (18). A physicochemical basis for ABA redistribution has been suggested, based on the relative pH ofthe various leafcompartments (7,(12)(13)(14) It has also been observed that, during recovery from water stress, stomata fully reopen only after bulk leaf ABA levels have declined ( Fig. 1; 3, 4, 16). The ABA present at high concentrations in the apoplast of stressed leaves (2) may not be quickly catabolized or reabsorbed by the mesophyll when the leaves regain turgor. If this is the case, then apoplastic ABA could still influence the guard cells and cause the lag in stomatal opening.In this paper, we present data on the effect of water stress on the redistribution of ABA in leaves and relate this to bulk leaf stress-induced ABA accumulation. We also investigated the relevance of apoplastic ABA to the lack of correlation between stomatal conductance and the decline in bulk leaf ABA during recovery from stress.Xanthium strumarium was chosen for these experiments because mature leaves of this plant are large, have a high ABA content when turgid, and are suitable for manipulation in a pressure chamber. MATERIALS AND METHODSCulture of Plant Material. Mature leaves (laminae 13-16 cm long) were harvested from greenhouse-grown plants ofXanthium strumarium L., Chicago strain, grown as before (32). The percentage of dry weight of turgid leaves, excluding the midrib and major veins, was 18.7%. The xylem volume ofthe 3 cm ofpetiole adjacent to the lamina was esti...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of Abscisic Acid into the Apoplast in Response to Water Stress in Xanthium strumarium L.

Cornish¹,

Zeevaart²

1985

Plant Physiol.

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“…If ABA regulates stomatal reactions when ABA concentration of the xylem sap is below 120 or above 200 /tmol m~^, it must originate from sources different from roots, such as leaf mesophyil (Hartung, Radin & Hendrix, 1988). Alternatively the stomatal response might be determined by a changing sensitivity to ABA during the course of the day and/or season (Davies, 1978;Ackerson, 1980;Henson etal., 1982). This could be due to the interaction of ABA with, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily and seasonal courses of leaf conductance and abscisic acid in the xylem sap of almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb] under desert conditions

et al. 1990

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Once per year, at the beginning of each growing season, the lysimeters were watered to field capacity, and consequently each tree experienced a seasonal drought in relation to the amount of available water depending on soil volume and tree age. Measurements of leaf conductance were performed on youngest fully expanded, sun-exposed leaves in climatized cuvettes. Leaf water potential was measured with a pressure chamber, which was also used for collecting xylem sap. Abscisic acid concentration of the xylem sap was determined with ELISA.There was no consistent diurnal relationship between abscisic acid concentration in xylem sap and leaf conductance. During a drying cycle, however, there was an inverse relationship between maximum leaf conductance and daily average abscisic acid concentration in xylem sap. With soil drying, the concentration of abscisic acid in xylem sap initially increased to a maximum in summer but decreased again towards autumn. Thus, during the first part of the drying cycle the predawn water potential of the leaf was significantly correlated with abscisic acid concentration in xylem sap. As predawn water potential becomes more negative during the first part of the drying cycle, the decline in maximum leaf conductance correlates with an increase in concentration of abscisic acid in xylem sap. With further decrease in predawn water potential towards the end of the drying cycle, the stomata remained closed even though there was a decreasing concentration of abscisic acid in the xylem sap.We conclude that the concentration of abscisic acid in xylem sap is not related to leaf conductance during the course of a day from end of May to September. However, during the course of a drying cycle the range of maximum leaf conductance seems to be dependent on the concentration of abscisic acid in xylem sap.

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“…Gas mixtures, conditions of incubation, etc., were as described earlier (2). Leaves were maintained at the balance pressure for 0 to 4 h, removed from the chamber, frozen in liquid N2, and subsequently analyzed for ABA (1). In a parallel set of experiments, leaves were dehydrated to the same balance pressure, but then the pressure was released and the leaves were incubated at atmospheric pressure for 0 to 4 h before ABA analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Cotton Leaves in Response to Dehydration at High Pressure

Ackerson¹,

Radin²

1983

Plant Physiol.

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Pressure-volume techniques were utilized to examine the control of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in dehydrated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Tamcot SP 37) leaves. Leaves were rapidly dehydrated in a pressure chamber to a balance pressure coincident with the loss of cellular turgor, and then the pressure was either maintained at that level or released. Rapid accumulation of ABA began within two hours after the balance pressure was achieved, whether or not the high pressure potential of the cells was maintained by the externally imposed pressure. The results show that loss of pressure per se does not trigger ABA accumulation in dehydrated leaves. Rather, the stimulus may be related to cellular shrinkage and relaxation of the elastic wall.

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Stomatal Response of Cotton to Water Stress and Abscisic Acid as Affected by Water Stress History

Cited by 119 publications

References 24 publications

Movement of Abscisic Acid into the Apoplast in Response to Water Stress in Xanthium strumarium L.

Movement of Abscisic Acid into the Apoplast in Response to Water Stress in Xanthium strumarium L.

Daily and seasonal courses of leaf conductance and abscisic acid in the xylem sap of almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb] under desert conditions

Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Cotton Leaves in Response to Dehydration at High Pressure

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