Stomatal Physiology

Ketellapper, H J

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.14.060163.001341

Cited by 88 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, this influence of the R.L.W.C. on stomatal aperture through its control of the turgor of the guard cells, or subsidiary or other epidermal cells (Milthorpe and Spencer 1957;Heath 1959;Ketellapper 1963), could be the reason for initiating or sustaining the oscillations.…”

Section: (B) Relative Leaf Water Content and Stomatal Aperturementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

Troughton¹

1969

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryThe effect of plant water status on the diffusion of C02 in the gas and liquid phase in leaves of cotton plants was studied in a single leaf chamber under conditions of constant light level and temperature and when photosynthesis was limited by the CO 2 supply. A controlled range of relative leaf water contents from 56 to 96% was obtained by varying root temperature from 6 to 30°C while the tops of the plants were -at a constant temperature. Decreasing water content resulted in an increase in the calculated leaf diffusive resistance and a decrease in CO 2 exchange. Under the environmental conditions used, plant water status primarily affects C02 exchange by regulating stomatal aperture. The mesophyll resistance, which was estimated in air and in an oxygen-free atmosphere, did not vary with the relative leaf water content down to 75% but increased progressively as relative water content dropped from 75 to 56%.

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Section: (B) Relative Leaf Water Content and Stomatal Aperturementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

Troughton¹

1969

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…The effect of different environmental factors, such as C02, light, temperature, water, and various chemicals, on stomatal movement has been studied and reviewed extensively (10,19,44). However, there has been little investigation of the influence of plant hormones on stomatal behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Abnormal Stomatal Behavior and Hormonal Imbalance in flacca, a Wilty Mutant of Tomato

Tal¹,

Imber²,

Itai³

1970

Plant Physiol.

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The wilty tomato mutant, flacca, and the normal variety, Rheinlands Ruhm, were compared for kinetin-like activity in ontogeny. The mutant wilts easily because its stomata resist closure. This stomatal resistance decreases with age. The occurrence of a root factor which induces stomatal opening was inferred from grafting experiments. It was hypothesized that the excessive stomatal openings in thc mutant may result from excess of kinetin -like activity in the leaf of that plant. In addition, it was suggested that the closure of stomata in the aging mutant is due to a decrease of kinetin-like activity with age. Kinetin-like activity in the leaf was determined by incorporation of labeled leucine. The concentration of cytokinins in root exudate and leaf extract was determined by the sovbean callus assay. Evidence was presented of higher kinetin-like activity in the leaves of the mutant and higher cytokinin concentration in its root exudate. Cytokinin concentration in the shoot was found to be only slightly higher in the mutant than in the normal plants. Kinetin-like The following working hypothesis is suggested to explain the excessive stomatal opening and the root effect in the mutant. The excessive opening of stomata is induced by a higher kinetinlike activity occurring in the mutant leaf, compared with the normal. This higher activity in the mutant leaf may result either from a higher concentration of cytokinins produced by the mutant root, or from a lower concentration of antagonists to cytokinins in the mutant leaf. The production of these inhibitory substances may depend on the root. The production of hormones with kinetin-like activity by the root has been demonstrated in several plant species (8,15,24). This paper presents a comparative study of kinetin-like activity in the leaf, concentration of kinetin-like substances in root exudate and shoot extract, and of stomatal behavior in young and mature mutant and normal plants. MATERIALS

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“…The most recent reviews of stomatal physiology (6,9,12,22) generally agree that stomatal opening in light involves an increase in turgor in the guard cell as a result of a decrease in the solute (osmotic) potential (rise in solute concentration). There are however 2 main hypotheses to explain this decrease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are however 2 main hypotheses to explain this decrease. the classical hypothesis involving the internal generation of sugar or other solutes from starch, and the more recent speculative ideas on the accumulation of external solute by the guard cells (9,22). It is generally considered that the process of opening is endergonic and that the CO, concentration in the guard cell is a basic factor controlling stomatal movement (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal Opening in Isolated Epidermal Strips of Vicia faba. I. Response to Light and to CO₂-free Air

Fischer

1968

Plant Physiol.

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Abstract. This paper reports a consistent and large openinig response to light + C0-free air in living stomata of isolated epidermal strips of Vicia faba. The response was compared to that of non-isolated stomata in leaf discs floating on water; stomatal apertures, guard cell solute potentials and starch contents were similar in the 2 situations. To obtain such stomatal behavior, it was necessary to float epidermal strips on dilute KCl solutions. This suggests that solute uptake is necessary for stomatal opening.The demonstration of normal stomatal behavior in isolated epidermal strips provides a very useful system in which to investigate the mechanism of stomatal opening. It was possible to show independent responses in stomatal aperture to light and to CO,-free air.The most recent reviews of stomatal physiology (6,9,12,22) generally agree that stomatal opening in light involves an increase in turgor in the guard cell as a result of a decrease in the solute (osmotic) potential (rise in solute concentration). There are however 2 main hypotheses to explain this decrease. the classical hypothesis involving the internal generation of sugar or other solutes from starch, and the more recent speculative ideas on the accumulation of external solute by the guard cells (9,22). It is generally considered that the process of opening is endergonic and that the CO, concentration in the guard cell is a basic factor controlling stomatal movement (12). Several environmental factors. including light, water deficit and temperature. are considered to affect stomatal aperture by causing changes in the CO., levels around the stomata in the leaf (12).Investigation of the opening mechanism of stomata would be greatly assisted by the development of means to isolate stomata from the leaf without interfering with their ability to respond to natural stimuli. Much work has been done with epidermal strips and sections. Floated under various conditions, stomata in strips have been shown to open in response to inorganic solutes (7,8,21) and varying pH (1,15,17,18,21). Results of these studies tended, however, to be irregular.With regard to more natural environmllental stimuli, Mouravieff (13,14) demonstrated stomatal opening in response to CO,-free air. anid, to some extent, to light in epidermal sections, but only wlhen the sections were replaced in close contact to the mesophyll from which they were taken. Williams and Shipton (21) demonstrated a stomatal response to light in isolated epidermal strips but their results were also irregular. Heath (6) was unable to show such a light resiponse. AMore recently. Kuiper (10) failed to show light-induced opening of stomata in epidermal strips floating on water, but did show the maintenance of opening in light.Criteria for assessing tlle relevance of these results to normal behavior of the stomata on the intact leaf include vitality of the guard cells in strips, responsiveness to light and low CO., levels and changes in aperture and guard cell solute potential comparable to those of stomata on l...

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Stomatal Physiology

Cited by 88 publications

References 70 publications

Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

Abnormal Stomatal Behavior and Hormonal Imbalance in flacca, a Wilty Mutant of Tomato

Stomatal Opening in Isolated Epidermal Strips of Vicia faba. I. Response to Light and to CO₂-free Air

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Stomatal Physiology

Cited by 88 publications

References 70 publications

Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

Abnormal Stomatal Behavior and Hormonal Imbalance in flacca, a Wilty Mutant of Tomato

Stomatal Opening in Isolated Epidermal Strips of Vicia faba. I. Response to Light and to CO2-free Air

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Stomatal Opening in Isolated Epidermal Strips of Vicia faba. I. Response to Light and to CO₂-free Air