Stomatal Patterning: An Important Taxonomic Tool for Systematical Studies of Tree Species of Angiosperm

Khan, Faiza; Yousaf, Zubaida; Ahmed, Hafiza Saadia; Arif, Ayesha; Rehman, Hafiza Ayesha; Younas, Afifa; Rashid, Madiha; Tariq, Zoya; Raiz, Nadia

doi:10.9734/arrb/2014/10073

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…30 Brachyparacytic stomata were found on the adaxial surface and were surrounded by irregular wavy cells. 51 Microscopic examination of leaves revealed the polygonal shape of upper and lower epidermal cells. The vascular bundle was encircled in a sclerenchymatous ring in the midrib region, while multi-layered spongy tissue and single-layered palisade tissue were present in the mesophyll region.…”

Section: Microscopic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saraca asoca– morphology and diversity across its natural distribution in India

Warrier¹

2021

IJCAM

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Trees play a chief role in the existence of human civilization. We get a glimpse of the trees that have to be planted at a site in Varahamihira's Brihat Samhita. In Brihat Samhita tank bunds are discussed to be shaded with Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Syzygium cuminii, Mitragyna parviflora, Borassus flabellifer, Madhuca longifolia, Mimusops elengi, and Saraca asoca 1 .Saraca asoca or Jonesia asoca Roxb., commonly known as Ashoka, is a medicinal tree used to treat gynecological problems, as found in records of Charaka Samhita, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, and the treatise of Susruta 2-4 . Belonging to the genus Saraca, it comes under the Fabaceae family.The genus Saraca includes Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde, Saraca indica Linné, Saraca thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain, Saraca celebica De Wilde, Saraca griffithiana Prain, Saraca hullettii Prain, Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq., and Saraca dives Pierre, to name a few 5 . Of these, S.asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, S.indica L., S.declinata Miq. (Red Saraca) and S.thaipingensis Prain (Yellow Saraca) has been reported in India. While S.asoca grows in the wild, the other three are grown in botanical gardens. [6][7] Though mainly used for ornamental purposes, they possess immense medicinal values. 7 Ashoka is a perennial evergreen tree, growing to a height of 10m. 9 Though a native of the Indian sub-continent, it is also seen in Sri Lanka and the Indo-Malaysian region. In India, Ashoka trees are found in Peninsular India, comprising the Western and Eastern Ghats and the sub-Himalayan tracts, to an altitude of 750m. It also prefers to grow in semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests and is found along river streams. 10,11 Red lateral alluvial soil is suitable for growth and requires an annual rainfall of 2000-4000mm. 12 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, though known as Ashoka, has many common names in different languages -Ashoka in Hindi, Kankeli in Sanskrit, Ashokadamara in Kannada, Ashokapatta in Telugu, Asokam in Malayalam, and Asogam in Tamil. 13 It is considered a 'sacred tree' by both Hindus and Buddhists and holds high significance and importance in mythology, literature, and history. 2 The first variety of Ashoka -Aswani-I -with high bark yield and more tannin content has been released through a single plant selection method. 14 Other than 'Ashokarishta' and 'Ashokaghrita' many tablets, tonics, and syrups made from S.asoca are available in the market like 'Ashotone', and 'Ashonil'. 10 The Ayurvedic formulation of Ashokarishta comprises of Saraca asoca bark, Woodfordia fruticosa flower, Cuminum cyaminum fruit, Cyperus rotundus rhizome, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Berberis aristata stem, Nymphea stellata flower, Terminalia bellirica fruit pericarp, Terminalia chebula fruit pericarp, Phyllanthus emblica fruit pericarp, Mangifera indica endosperm, Adhatoda vasica root, Santalum album heartwood, and jiggery. 15 The bark helps in stopping excessive menstrual bleeding and hemorrhagic dysentery due to the presence of tannins. 16 Chemical investi...

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Section: Microscopic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saraca asoca– morphology and diversity across its natural distribution in India

Warrier¹

2021

IJCAM

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“…The physiological function of the stomata was related to the number, density, distribution pattern, and morphological properties (Harrison et al, 2020;Khan et al, 2014).The high density of stomata supported leaves with a broad surface in order to get sufficient CO2 intake for the photosynthesis process and to help the leaves to carry out the transpiration process quickly (Raven et al, 2011). The aim was to reduce the temperature in the mesophyll tissue (cooling down process).…”

Section: Total Of Individuals 138mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The function of the stomata is directly related to their distribution pattern. All different divisions of plants have differences of stomata distribution pattern in which the distribution pattern is not only under control genetics, but also the environmental factors, such as light intensity, humidity, temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide and nutrient availability (Croxdale, 2000;Khan et al, 2014;Kushwaha et al, 2018;Pourkhabbaz et al, 2010). Therefore, it is important for us to investigate the stomata properties related to the protective function of shade tree leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory of species and analysis of stomata characteristics of shade trees at UIN Walisongo Semarang

Khasanah

Na'ima

2022

J. Edubiotik

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The presence of shade trees has ecological function to reduce air pollution level. The part of leaves, stomata is responsible for the function. The study aimed to inventory species and analyze the characteristics of leaf stomata of shade trees at UIN Walisongo Semarang. This exploratory research was conducted in September-October 2021. Observation method throughout the campus area was carried out by using observation sheet. Some representative books and articles were used as references. For stomata observation, leaf samples were taken by purposive sampling. Paradermal preparations were made by wholemount method. All data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there were about 17 families, 37 species and 712 individual species of shade trees growing on campus 2-3. Then, there were about 8 families, 8 species and 138 individual species of shade trees growing on campus 1. The highest number of trees in both location was Glodogan Tiang. There were about 7 families, 7 species, and 194 individual species of shade trees recently planted on campus 2-3. Stomata characteristics (type, distribution, length and width, pore length and width, number, and density) differed in each species. The largest stomata size and pore were found in in abaxial leaves of Nyamplung whereas the highest stomata density was found in abaxial leaves of Mahagony. Pore size and density of stomata were related to the ability of leaves to reduce air pollution level. The shade tree data obtained in this study showed plant diversity in the campus.

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“…It has been suggested that the use of leaf margin descriptors are useful in the automated leaf identification process (Cerutti et al, 2014). Khan et al (2014) reported that stomata type was found not plastic to environmental changes (e.g., temperature gradient). This is despite the reports on the plasticity of other stomatal characteristics such as size and density to water and temperature manipulations (Fraser et al, 2008;Bañon et al, 2004).…”

Section: Distinctive Leaf Characters Across Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf architecture and petiole anatomy of Philippine Dipterocarpus species (Dipterocarpaceae)

Hernandez

Maldia

Pulan

et al. 2020

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon

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The study investigated the leaf architecture and petiole anatomy of eight Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae) species growing in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) in the Philippines to delineate the species, especially during their non-flowering phase. Leaf and petiole samples from MMFR were examined following the manual on leaf architecture studies. Freehand technique was used to examine the stomata and petiole characters. A UPGMA phenogram was then generated to determine the relationships among Dipterocarpus species using 26 leaf and petiole characters. The most useful characters to delineate Dipterocarpus species are the presence of trichomes, the arrangement of vascular bundles (medullary and outer vascular bundles), areolation, fimbrial vein, and leaf size. Other characters viz., the laminar ratio, blade class, laminar shape, base shape, margin type, and intersecondary, and layers and shape of parenchyma and collenchyma cells were useful as unifying characters. Therefore, certain characters of the leaf architecture and petiole anatomy may be used as taxonomic markers to delineate and correlate the Dipterocarpus species in the Philippines particularly during the nonflowering phase of the species. However, further investigations using samples from the wild populations of the species and molecular techniques may be done to elucidate the taxonomic use of the characters presented in this study. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 1-14, 2020 (June)

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Stomatal Patterning: An Important Taxonomic Tool for Systematical Studies of Tree Species of Angiosperm

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Saraca asoca– morphology and diversity across its natural distribution in India

Saraca asoca– morphology and diversity across its natural distribution in India

Inventory of species and analysis of stomata characteristics of shade trees at UIN Walisongo Semarang

Leaf architecture and petiole anatomy of Philippine Dipterocarpus species (Dipterocarpaceae)

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