Stomatal Opening in Light of Different Wavelengths: Effects of Blue Light Independent of Carbon Dioxide Concentration

Mansfield, T. A.; Meidner, Hans

doi:10.1093/jxb/17.3.510

Cited by 74 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Hereafter the majority of the energy appears in the infrared region. Once radiation reaches the forest floor which is illuminated partly by sun- Kuiper, 1964;Mansfield and Meidner, 1966). flecks and by large open parts of the canopy this shift reverses to similar distributions as seen above and close to the top of the canopy. Figure 3b and c represent the spectral flux density recorded in cloudy and overcast conditions, respectively.…”

Section: Canopy Co 2 Exchange Under Such Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The wavelength increments used for the numerical integration were 1 nm. Blue light is often indicated as being 400-500 nm but we chose 430-470 nm as it has been shown that those wavelengths evoke stomatal opening (Kuiper, 1964;Mansfield and Meidner, 1966;Zeiger and Field, 1982;Karlsson, 1986). The transmissivity of PPFD was calculated as the quotient of PPFD at the height h and the simultaneous measured PPFD at 22 m (top of tower), while the transmissivity of blue light was calculated as the quotient of blue light at the height h and the simultaneously recorded blue part of the irradiance spectrum at 22 m. Hereafter the blue transmissivity of the two diffuse conditions and the blue light transmissivity on the clear day can be visually compared.…”

Section: Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Transmissivity At Varmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmissivity of solar radiation within a <i>Picea sitchensis</i> stand under various sky conditions

2015

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Abstract. We tested the hypothesis that diffuse radiation from cloudy and overcast skies penetrates the canopy more effectively than direct radiation from clear skies. We compared the flux density and spectral properties of direct and diffuse radiation (around solar noon (±1 h)) above, within and below a forest stand under sunny, cloudy and overcast conditions in a thinned Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) forest (28 years old, with a leaf area index of approximately 5.2 m 2 m −2 ). We recorded vertical profiles of radiation penetration (from 350 to 1050 nm), and we also explored the horizontal pattern of radiation along a 115 m transect.We showed that in "clear sky" conditions, the photosynthetically active radiation in the lower parts of the canopy was substantially attenuated, more so than under cloudy and overcast skies. It was particularly depleted in the blue part of the spectrum, but only slightly blue-depleted when the sky was overcast or cloudy. Moreover, the red : far-red ratio under clear skies fell to values less than 0.3 but only to 0.6 under cloudy or overcast skies. Near the ground, the light climate was strongly influenced by the thinning pattern (carried out in accordance with standard forestry management practice).

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Section: Canopy Co 2 Exchange Under Such Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Transmissivity At Varmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmissivity of solar radiation within a <i>Picea sitchensis</i> stand under various sky conditions

2015

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“…Third, blue light was more effective in causing stomatal opening than was red light, although the rate of CO2 assimilation was slightly lower and the intercellular CO2 concentration higher in blue than in red light (Table IV). Strong responses to blue light have already been reported for stomatal opening or conductance in intact leaves and in isolated epidermis and for the swelling of guard cell protoplasts (1,8,10,11,13,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…He believed that stomata do not open in response to light absorbed in the guard cells but only in response to the changes in the concentration of CO2 inside the leaf that resulted from changes in the assimilation rate in the mesophyll. Experimental evidence exists for both the direct stomatal response to light (10,11,(22)(23)(24) and the indirect one which is mediated by changes in the intercellular CO2 concentration (16,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Measurement of Direct and Indirect Effects of Light on Stomata

Sharkey¹,

Raschke²

1981

Plant Physiol.

134

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Conductance for water vapor, assimilation of C02, and intercellular CO2 concentration of leaves of five species were determined at various irradiances and ambient CO2 concentrations. Conductance and assimilation were then plotted as functions of irradiance and intercellular CO2 concentration. The slopes of these curves allowed us to estimate infinitesimal changes in conductance (and assimilation) that occurred when irradiance changed and intercellular CO2 concentration was constant, and when CO2 concentration changed and irradiance was constant. On leaves ofXanthium stumarium L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Phaseolis vulgaris L., and Perilla frutescens (L.), Britt., the stomatal response to light was determined to be mainly a direct response to light and to a small extent only a response to changes in intercellular CO2 concentration. This was also true for stomata of Zea mays L., except at irradiances < 150 watts per square meter, when stomata responded primarily to the depletion of the intercellular spaces of CO2 which in turn was caused by changes in the assimilation of CO2.Stomata responded to light even in leaves whose net exchange of CO2 was reduced to zero through application of the inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport, cyanazine (2-chloro-4l-cyano-l-methylethylaminoljethylamino-S-triazine). When leaves were inverted and irradiated on the abaxial surface, conductance decreased in the shaded and increased in the illuminated epidermis, indicating that the photoreceptor pigment(s) involved are located in the epidermis (presumably in the guard cells). In leaves of X. strwmariwn, the direct effect of light on conductance is primarily a response to blue light.Stomatal responses to CO2 and to light opposed each other. In X.stumariwn, stomatal opening in response to light was strongest in CO2 free air and saturated at lower irradiances than in CO2 containing air. Conversely, stomatal closure in response to CO2 was strongest in darkness and it decreased as irradiance increased. In X. strwnarin, P. vulgaris, and P. frutescens, an irradiance of 300 watts per square meter was sufficient to eliminate the stomatal response to CO2 altogether. Application of abscisic acid, or an increase in vapor pressure deficit, or a decrease in leaf temperature reduced the stomatal conductance at light saturation, but when the data were normalized with respect to the conductance at the highest irradiance, the various curves were congruent.result of the photosynthetic production of osmotica. In 1908, Lloyd (9) showed that stomata respond to light in C02-free air, from which he concluded that "photosynthesis, even in stomata, whose plastids are well supplied with chlorophyll, plays a secondary role in their physiology, and is connected only indirectly with their movements." An alternative view was proposed in 1932 by Scarth (20). He believed that stomata do not open in response to light absorbed in the guard cells but only in response to the changes in the concentration of CO2 inside the leaf that resulted from changes in th...

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“…Thus, under normal conditions, the light received by abaxial and adaxial stomatal cells differs not only in intensity but also in quality. It is well established now that stomatal opening is greatly enhanced by blue light and, to a lesser extent, by red light (Mouravieff, 1958(Mouravieff, , 1973Karve, 1961;Kuiper, 1964;Mansfield and Meidner, 1966;Raschke, 1967;Hsiao, Allaway and Evans, 1973;Mansfield, 1976). Evidently, the differential behaviour of abaxial and adaxial stomata does not seem to be related to changes in the quality of light, because if this is so, the opening should be substantially more pronounced on the exposed than on the shaded epidermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movements of Abaxial and Adaxial Stomata

Pemadasa

1979

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYA comparative study was made of diurnal movements, and responses to a range of light intensities, of abaxial and adaxial stomata on normal and inverted leaves of Stachytarpheta indica by microscopic examination of epidermal strips fixed in absolute ethanol. Additional observations were made on Coreopsis grandifiora, Crotalaria retusa and Tridax procumbens. The natural diurnal movements in the field and light-induced opening in the laboratory and accompanied changes in concentrations of starch and potassium in the guard cells were all substantially more pronounced in the shaded abaxial stomata than in the exposed adaxial stomata on normal leaves. The effect of leaf inversion was to accentuate these differences considerably. Carbon dioxide-free air was not effective in overcoming the differences in opening ability of abaxial and adaxial stomata. The differential behaviour of abaxial and adaxial stomata is related, to a great extent, to differential changes in concentrations of starch and potassium in abaxial and adaxial guard cells. The greater photosensitivity of abaxial stomata is a widespread phenomenon occurring in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons irrespective of differences in stomatal density; the adaptive significance of this phenomenon is brieffy mentioned.

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Stomatal Opening in Light of Different Wavelengths: Effects of Blue Light Independent of Carbon Dioxide Concentration

Cited by 74 publications

References 6 publications

Transmissivity of solar radiation within a <i>Picea sitchensis</i> stand under various sky conditions

Transmissivity of solar radiation within a <i>Picea sitchensis</i> stand under various sky conditions

Separation and Measurement of Direct and Indirect Effects of Light on Stomata

Movements of Abaxial and Adaxial Stomata

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Stomatal Opening in Light of Different Wavelengths: Effects of Blue Light Independent of Carbon Dioxide Concentration

Cited by 74 publications

References 6 publications

Transmissivity of solar radiation within a &lt;i&gt;Picea sitchensis&lt;/i&gt; stand under various sky conditions

Transmissivity of solar radiation within a &lt;i&gt;Picea sitchensis&lt;/i&gt; stand under various sky conditions

Separation and Measurement of Direct and Indirect Effects of Light on Stomata

Movements of Abaxial and Adaxial Stomata

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Product

Resources

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Transmissivity of solar radiation within a <i>Picea sitchensis</i> stand under various sky conditions

Transmissivity of solar radiation within a <i>Picea sitchensis</i> stand under various sky conditions