Stomatal density and metabolic determinants mediate salt stress adaptation and water use efficiency in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Barbieri, Giovanni Tarli; Vallone, Simona; Orsini, Francesco; Paradiso, Roberta; Pascale, Stefania De; Negre-Zakharov, Florence; Maggio, Aurelio

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2012.07.001

Cited by 125 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In higher plants, the photosynthesis and transpiration rates of leaves have been shown to be associated with regulating the openings of stomata (Barbieri et al, 2012). A stoma is surrounded by two guard cells, and a change in the turgor pressure of guard cells triggers stomatal opening (Hetherington & Woodward, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous abscisic acid inhibits the water-loss of postharvest romaine lettuce during storage by inducing stomatal closure

Liu¹,

Yang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2015

Food Sci. Technol (Campinas)

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Postharvest lettuce often lose water, thus affecting both its market value and consumer acceptance. However, the mechanism of the water-loss is still waiting well exploration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a foliar application of ABA on the fresh weight-loss and the chlorophyll content of postharvest lettuce as well as its association with the regulation of stomata. The present data demonstrated that exogenously application of ABA, in a concentration range of 0 to 100 µM, significantly lowered the fresh weight-loss of postharvest lettuce. ABA also delayed chlorophyll reduction during ambient storage, but this protective effect was ABA concentration-dependent. Among the tested ABA concentrations, 50 µM or lower ABA produced an inhibition effect on chlorophyll degradation in postharvest lettuce leaves. The results demonstrated that the exogenous ABA treatment can obviously reduce the transpiration rate of lettuce leaves by promoting the stomatal closure of postharvest lettuce, therefore eventually delay fresh weight-loss. The present study primarily showed that the application of exogenous ABA, which originated from a naturally-produced phytohormone, has a great potential in retaining the freshness of postharvest lettuce that is stored in an ambient condition, although possible practical application still need to be further evaluated.Keywords: lettuce; postharvest; abscisic acid; water-loss; stomatal closure. Practical Application:The effect of a foliar application of ABA on postharvest lettuce was investigated. The results demonstrated that the ABA, which originated from a naturally-produced phytohormone, can obviously reduce the transpiration rate of lettuce leaves by promoting the stomatal closure of postharvest lettuce, therefore eventually delay fresh weight-loss and chlorophyll reduction during ambient storage. The strategy could potentially be used as an alternative for lettuce producer and retailer to effectively retain the fresh of postharvest lettuce products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous abscisic acid inhibits the water-loss of postharvest romaine lettuce during storage by inducing stomatal closure

Liu¹,

Yang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2015

Food Sci. Technol (Campinas)

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“…Salisbury, 1928;Bristow & Looi, 1968;Woodward & Bazzaz, 1988;Beerling & Kelly, 1997). Water stress has been associated with a reduction of stomatal density in leaves (Salisbury, 1928;Pääkkönen, Vahala, Pohjolal, Holopainen, & Kärenlampi, 1998;Sam, Jeréz, Dell'Amico, & Ruiz-Sanchez 2000;RomeroAranda, Soria, & Cuartero, 2001;Xu & Zhou, 2008;Barbien et al, 2012), however, it may also lead to higher stomatal densities if there is an overall reduction of leaf area (Ciha & Brun, 1975;Romero-Aranda et al, 2001;Pearce, Millard, Bray, & Rood, 2005;Xu & Zhou, 2008). Mangrove stomata are similar in terms of frequency and dimension to those of other plants from other environments, but many species have stomatal crypts (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales: Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean

Peel

Mandujano

López‐Portillo

et al. 2017

RBT

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Abstract:In community ecology, the knowledge of abiotic factors, that determine intraspecific variability in ecophysiological and functional traits, is important for addressing major questions, such as plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Mangroves have several mechanisms of resistance to salinity and most species exhibit some xeromorphic features in order to conserve water. Leaf area and stomatal density play an important role in maintaining water balance, and gas exchange is regulated by their aperture and density, two traits that vary intraspecifically in response to environmental conditions, such as water stress and salinity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of salinity on stomatal density, leaf area and plant size in R. mangle and we tested for associations among the three variables, across three sites along a natural salinity gradient in the Xel-Há Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We hypothesized that high salinity sites would produce smaller plants, with smaller leaves, and fewer stomata. Three sampling sites with different environmental conditions were chosen and salinities were monitored monthly. A total of 542 plants were tagged and tree heights and diameters were measured for each individual within each of the three sampling sites. Three leaves from 20 trees from each site were measured to determine leaf area. Stomatal densities were determined in each leaf using nail polish casts, examining ten 1 mm squares per leaf under an optical microscope. A principal component analysis was used to assess association between tree height, leaf area, and stomatal density for each plot. The salinity gradient was reflected in plant size, producing smaller plants at the higher salinity site. The largest leaves were found at the low salinity site (51.2 ± 24.99 cm 2 ). Leaf length was not correlated to plant size (LL vs. tree height: r= 0.02, P= 0.8205; LL vs. trunk diameter: r= 0.03, P= 0.7336), so we concluded that leaf length is an environmentally plastic trait of red mangroves that may vary as a function of environmental conditions, such as hydric stress caused by elevated salinity. The larger leaves from the low salinity site had lower densities of stomata (65.0 stomata.mm 2 SD= 12.3), and increasing salinities did not decrease stomatal density (intermediate salinity site: 73.4 stomata.mm 2 SD= 13.5; high salinity site: 74.8 stomata.mm 2 SD= 17.3). Our results confirm that stomatal density is inversely related to leaf area (r= -0.29, P < 0.001), especially leaf width (r= -0.31, P < 0.001), and that salinity may increase stomatal density by causing reduction of leaf size. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (2): 701-712. Epub 2017 June 01.

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“…Past studies found salinity to negatively affect stomatal density and chlorophyll content [14,23,[30][31][32][33]. The presence of salt increased WUE i and decreased SLA (Figures 1b and 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Growth and Physiology of Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton Seedlings as Influenced by Seed Origin and Salinity and Fertility Treatments

Sarr

Seiler

Sullivan

2017

Forests

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Abstract:Multipurpose trees such as Senegalia senegal are widespread in arid and semi-arid lands that have natural or induced saline soils and poor soil fertility. Such environmental problems impact growth and have the potential to influence plant physiological adaptations. Identifying superior genotypes better adapted to these environmental stresses will be of great importance for tree selection for reclamation of degraded drylands. The main objective of this study was to examine the growth performance, and physiological and morphological adaptations to salinity, and fertility treatments of different Senegalia senegal families. We used five families (DB16, DB14, K4B19, K17B19, NB1) selected from 60 families of a Senegalia senegal progeny trial in Dahra, Senegal. Seedlings were grown under greenhouse conditions by watering all plants for three weeks and then stopping all watering for three more weeks. In a randomized complete block design, a two-level factorial combination was used for salinity (zero and 183.1 mM NaCl added) and fertility (zero and 100 kg/ha N-P-K added) treatments. A significant family × salt × fertilizer interaction was found for all biomass parameters (leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, root dry matter, and leaf area). The fertilizer application resulted in a significant increase of total biomass of all families, ranging from 63% to 237% for NB1 and K17B19, respectively. In contrast, salt only decreased total biomass of NB1 and K17B19 increased growth. Despite similar net photosynthetic rates before treatment started, fertilizer and salinity induced different effects between families. Prior to drought stress, fertilizer did not affect photosynthesis of DB16, while salt significantly decreased stomatal conductance of all families. DB16 and N1B1, despite significant differences of stomata size and density, significantly decreased transpiration, and thereby increased their intrinsic water use efficiency. Under drought, relative growth rate was significantly decreased. Given that genotype differences were found, these families and salinity and fertilizer treatments need to be explored in field trials.

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Stomatal density and metabolic determinants mediate salt stress adaptation and water use efficiency in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Cited by 125 publications

References 57 publications

Exogenous abscisic acid inhibits the water-loss of postharvest romaine lettuce during storage by inducing stomatal closure

Exogenous abscisic acid inhibits the water-loss of postharvest romaine lettuce during storage by inducing stomatal closure

Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales: Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean

Growth and Physiology of Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton Seedlings as Influenced by Seed Origin and Salinity and Fertility Treatments

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