Stomatal Behaviour Following Treatment With Auxin‐like Substances and Phenylmercuric Acetate

Mansfield, T. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1967.tb06011.x

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This increased activity might contribute to the greater closing ability of the mutant stomata with age, in addition to the decrease of cytokinin activity reported before (18). This suggestion is put forward in view of the data showing that synthetic auxins induce closure of stomata of several plants (1,3,9,19,20) including tomato.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…While kinetin and, apparently, gibberellic acid stimulate stomatal opening (7,8,10), auxins and abscisic acid induce closure (1,3,9, 19, 20 These authors also showed that abscisic acid inhibited most of the kinetin-stimulated transpiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…While kinetin and, apparently, gibberellic acid stimulate stomatal opening (7,8,10), auxins and abscisic acid induce closure (1,3,9,19, 20 for auxins; 6, 11 for abscisic acid). These studies have been reviewed extensively by Tal et al (18), and only works dealing with auxin and abscisic acid effects on stomata will be discussed here.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Abnormal Stomatal Behavior and Hormonal Imbalance in flacca, a Wilty Mutant of Tomato

Tal¹,

Imber²

1970

Plant Physiol.

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The wilty tomato mutant, flacca, and the control variety, Rheinlands Ruhm, were compared with regard to the endogenous activity and concentration of auxin-and abscisic acid-like substances during ontogeny. The mutant wilts fast under water deficit because of inability to close its stomata. Symptoms characteristic of excessive auxin are evident in the developing mutant. Among these symptoms are branch and leaf epinasty, excessive rooting along the stem, and increased apical dominance. By using a leucineincorporation assay, spray of whole plants with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and wheat coleoptile bioassay, indications were found of an excess of activity and concentration of auxin -like substances in shoots of young and mature mutant plants. The wheat coleoptile bioassay also revealed a much lower amount of substances with abscisic acid-like activity in the mutant compared with the normal plant. In contrast to the appearance during ontogeny of morphological symptoms characteristic of auxin excess in the mutant, the absolute amount of auxin-like substances and their activity in incorporation of leucine decreased with age. A parallel decrease of the concentration and activity of auxinlike compounds was also found in the normal plant. The concentration of abscisic acid-like substances increased with age in both genotypes. The disagreement between the increasing morphological symptoms and the decrease of auxin -like activity and concentration is discussed, together with the possibility of a causal relationship between auxinand abscisic acid-like activity and stomatal behavior.Stomatal mechanism is affected by the four groups of plant hormones, namely, kinins, auxins, possibly gibberellin, and abscisic acid. While kinetin and, apparently, gibberellic acid stimulate stomatal opening (7,8,10), auxins and abscisic acid induce closure (1,3,9, 19, 20 These authors also showed that abscisic acid inhibited most of the kinetin-stimulated transpiration.In the present series of studies, dealing with the hormonal imbalance in the wilty tomato mutant, flacca, an attempt has been made to correlate stomatal behavior with endogenous hormonal level. The wilting of theflacca mutant is caused by the abnormal behavior of its stomata. The mutant stomata resist closure in darkness as well as during water deficit (16). Tal et al. (18) suggested that excess kinetin-like activity was responsible for the excessive opening of the mutant stomata. The increased closing ability of the mutant stomata noted in older plants and leaves was explained by the decrease in kinetin-like activity. Tal (16) also indicated that some symptoms of auxin excess were evident in the mutant at maturity. These symptoms consisted of stem swelling and epinasty of branches and leaves, especially on the upper part of the plant. Other symptoms noted later were strong rooting along the stem, and delayed development of side shoots.Application of both the synthetic auxin, 2,4-D (17), and abscisic acid (5) caused stomatal closure in both normal and mutant plants...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Abnormal Stomatal Behavior and Hormonal Imbalance in flacca, a Wilty Mutant of Tomato

Tal¹,

Imber²

1970

Plant Physiol.

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“…Each treatment was duplicated. It can be seen in Table III (14). This cannot be the case with ABA-induced closure, as a rapid decrease in transpiration is observed in the dark if the stomata are opened with CO2-free air (unpublished observation).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Abscisic Acid and Stomatal Regulation

et al. 1972

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The closure of stomata by abscisic acid was examined in several species of plants through measurements of C02 and H20 exchange by the leaf. The onset of closure was very rapid, beginning at 3 minutes from the time of abscisic acid application to the cut base of the leaf of corn, or at 8 or 9 minutes for bean, Rumex and sugarbeet; rose leaves were relatively slow at 32 minutes. The timing and the concentration of abscisic acid needed to cause closure were related to the amounts of endogenous abscisic acid in the leaf. Closure was obtained in bean leaves with 8.9 picomoles/cm'. (+)-Abscisic acid had approximately twice the activity of the racemic material. The methyl ester of abseisic acid was inactive, and trans-abscisic acid was likewise inactive. The effects of stress on levels of endogenous abscisic acid, and the abilityr of very small amounts of abscisic acid to cause rapid closure suggests that stomatal control is a regulatory function of this hormone.The reports that ABA could reduce transpiration (13,16) and that this reduction is apparently due to stomatal closure (6, 21) suggest the possibility that this action might have important regulatory functions in the water relations of plants.The possibility became more impressive when Wright and Hiron (22) found that water stress could bring about large increases in the amounts of ABA in leaves, and when Imber and Tal (7) found that a wilty mutant of tomato could be brought into more normal turgor condition by the application of ABA. Subsequent experiments have shown that the ABA regulation of stomata was effective at rather low concentrations and worked quite quickly (9, 17). The experiments reported here will show that the stomatal response is very rapid indeed, and that the quantity and specificity of ABA needed for stomatal control are consistent with the concept of hormonal control of stomatal closure. MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant materials were grown in pots of fertilized soil within the greenhouse and included: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Rumex obtusifolius L., Beta vulgaris L., Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wall., Zea mays L., and Rosa spp. Mature leaves were excised in the greenhouse and petioles (or base of lamina for corn)

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“…Meidner (1967) suggested that kinetin effects stomatal opening, at least partly, by decreasing CO2 concentration in the leaf. Similarly, Mansfield (1967) suggested that the S3'nthetic auxins i?-naphthoxyacetic acid and naphthalenacetic acid induce stomatal closure by increasing CO2 concentration in the leaf, while 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid acts directly on the guard cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF ABSCISIC ACID ON STOMATAL BEHAVIOUR IN FLACCA, A WILTY MUTANT OF TOMATO, IN DARKNESS

Tal¹,

Imber²

1972

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYYoung plants of the wilty tomato mutant,^acca, in which the stomata resist closure, were sprayed with ahscisic acid eight times over a period of 24 hours in light and darkness. The hormone induced closure of stomata similarly in leaves treated either in light or in darkness. Abscisic acid does not appear to induce stomatal closure in darkness by increasing the internal CO^ concentration in the leaf, since this concentration should already be ver)' high in darkness. A considerahle and rapid decrease of CO2 assimilation and increase of CO^ evolution were demonstrated in mutant as well as in normal plants transferred from light to darkness.

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Stomatal Behaviour Following Treatment With Auxin‐like Substances and Phenylmercuric Acetate

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Abnormal Stomatal Behavior and Hormonal Imbalance in flacca, a Wilty Mutant of Tomato

Abnormal Stomatal Behavior and Hormonal Imbalance in flacca, a Wilty Mutant of Tomato

Abscisic Acid and Stomatal Regulation

THE EFFECT OF ABSCISIC ACID ON STOMATAL BEHAVIOUR IN FLACCA, A WILTY MUTANT OF TOMATO, IN DARKNESS

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