Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
Molecular motors play a vital role in the transport of material within the cell. A family of motors of growing interest are burnt bridge ratchets (BBRs). BBRs rectify spatial fluctuations into directed motion by creating and destroying motor-substrate bonds. It has been shown that the motility of a BBR can be optimized as a function of the system parameters. However, the amount of energy input required to generate such motion and the resulting efficiency has been less well characterized. Here, using a deterministic model, we calculate the efficiency of a particular type of BBR, namely a polyvalent hub interacting with a surface of substrate. We find that there is an optimal burn rate and substrate concentration that leads to optimal efficiency. Additionally, the substrate turnover rate has important implications on motor efficiency. We also consider the effects of force-dependent unbinding on the efficiency and find that under certain conditions the motor works more efficiently when bond breaking is included. Our results provide guidance for how to optimize the efficiency of BBRs.
Molecular motors play a vital role in the transport of material within the cell. A family of motors of growing interest are burnt bridge ratchets (BBRs). BBRs rectify spatial fluctuations into directed motion by creating and destroying motor-substrate bonds. It has been shown that the motility of a BBR can be optimized as a function of the system parameters. However, the amount of energy input required to generate such motion and the resulting efficiency has been less well characterized. Here, using a deterministic model, we calculate the efficiency of a particular type of BBR, namely a polyvalent hub interacting with a surface of substrate. We find that there is an optimal burn rate and substrate concentration that leads to optimal efficiency. Additionally, the substrate turnover rate has important implications on motor efficiency. We also consider the effects of force-dependent unbinding on the efficiency and find that under certain conditions the motor works more efficiently when bond breaking is included. Our results provide guidance for how to optimize the efficiency of BBRs.
<sec>Biological molecular motors exist in cells widely. They can make use of intracellular free energy to complete all kinds of internal biological transports by transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy. The kind of directional movement of biological molecular motors plays a very important role in intracellular material transportation. In order to study the transport mechanism of molecular motors further, a large number of ratchet models are proposed, such as rocking ratchets and flashing ratchets. By investigating various kinds of ratchets we can not only understand the directional movement mechanism of Brownian particles, but can find suitable conditions in which the performance of Brownian motors’ directional transportation could be enhanced. Meanwhile, the investigation of ratchets could also be applied in manufacturing nanometer devices.</sec><sec>At present, the directional transportation of Brownian ratchet has attracted extensive interests of researchers. In general, most friction factors of Brownian ratchet models are considered unit. In fact, the concentration of solutions and cell fluid impurity affect the actual frictional damping conditions, so the real frictional coefficient of Brownian motors is often changed. In addition, lots of experimental studies have shown that the movement of Brownian motors is collectively directed motion and the kind of directional movement is induced by intermolecular coupling interaction. As a result, it is more valuable to investigate the transporting performance of coupled Brownian particles that existed in different frictional damping conditions. In order to enhance the transporting performance of Brownian ratchet in different frictional damping conditions, we discuss how the frictional damping factor influences the directional movement of coupled Brownian particles deeply when Brownian particles drag loads.</sec><sec> In this paper, we established the overdamped frictional ratchets, and then we investigated how frictional damping coefficient ratio, coupling strength and external force amplitude affect the transportation of coupled Brownian ratchets. On the basis of the investigation, some interesting results are found. The directional transport of frictional ratchets can be promoted by adjusting the frictional damping factor. Besides, the transportation can obtain the maximum under the appropriate friction factor case. In addition, under certain frictional damping condition, the directional transportation of the friction ratchets present multi-peak structure as the external force amplitude increases. Meanwhile, the appropriate free length and coupling strength can also enhance the transportation characteristic of frictional ratchets. All conclusions obtained in this paper can not be applied in selecting suitable frictional damping conditions experimentally to improve the directional transportation of coupled Brownian ratchets, but they can also be used in developing and manufacturing nanometer devices.</sec>
<sec>Molecular motor can effectively convert chemical energy into mechanical energy in living organisms, and its research is currently at the forefront of study in biology and physics . The dynamic process of its guided movement, along with the crucial role they play in intra-cellular material transport, has significantly aroused the interest of many researchers. Theoretical and experimental researches have allowed detailed examinations of the motion attributes of these molecular motors. The Brownian ratchet model important. It provides an illustration of a non-equilibrium system that transforms thermal fluctuation into guided transport by utilizing temporal or spatial asymmetry. The mechanism has been extensively explored and studied across fields including physics, biology and nanotechnology. Investigations into a variety of ratchets and identification of optimum conditions contribute to a deeper understanding of guided Brownian particle transport.</sec><sec>Preceding studies on ratchet systems largely concentrated on the rectification motions of diverse types of particles – active, polar and chiral – in asymmetric structures. However, the transport of deformable particles in asymmetric channel has not been examined relatively unexamined. Particles in soft material systems such as cell monolayer, tissue, foam, and emulsion are frequently deformable. The shape deformation of these soft particles significantly affects the system's dynamic behavior. Thus, understanding the guided transport of these deformable particles within a confined structure is crucial.</sec><sec>In order to explain this problem more clearlyt, we numerically simulate the guided transportation of active, deformable particles within a two-dimensional, periodic, asymmetric channel. We identify the factors that influence the transport of these particles within a confined structure. The main feature of the deformable particle model is that the particle’s shape is characterized by multiple degree of freedom. For active deformable particles, self-propulsion speed disrupts thermodynamic equilibrium, leading to guided transport in spatially asymmetric condition. Our findings demonstrate that a particle's direction of movement is entirely determined by the channel's asymmetric parameter, and it tends to be attracted towards increased stability. Augmenting particle self-propulsion speed and particle softness can facilitate ratchet transport. When <i>v</i><sub>0</sub>[请说明这是什么物理量] is large, the particle’s tensile effect becomes more apparent, and particle softening significantly enhances directed transport. In contrast, an increase in density and rotational diffusion can slow particle rectification. Increased density can obstruct particles, making channel passage more difficult. Elevated rotational diffusion reduces persistence length, challenging particle transition through channels. With constant density, a greater number of particles will also encourage rectification. These research findings offer a valuable insight into the transportation behaviors of deformable particles in a confined structure. They also deliver crucial theoretical support for applicable experiments in the field of soft matter.</sec>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.