Stocktake study of current fertilisation recommendations across Europe and discussion towards a more harmonised approach

Abstract

The European Commission has set targets for a reduction in nutrient losses by at least 50% and a reduction in fertiliser use by at least 20% by 2030, while ensuring no deterioration in soil fertility. Within the mandate of the European Joint Programme EJP Soil “Towards climate‐smart sustainable management of agricultural soils”, the objective of this study was to assess current fertilisation practices across Europe and discuss the potential for harmonisation of fertilisation methodologies as a strategy to reduce nutrient loss and overall fertiliser use. A stocktake study of current methods of delivering fertilisation advice took place across 23 European countries. The stocktake was in the form of a questionnaire, comprising 46 questions. Information was gathered on a large range of factors, including soil analysis methods, along with soil, crop and climatic factors taken into consideration within fertilisation calculations. The questionnaire was completed by experts, who are involved in compiling fertilisation recommendations within their country. Substantial differences exist in the content, format and delivery of fertilisation guidelines across Europe. The barriers, constraints and potential benefits of a harmonised approach to fertilisation across Europe are discussed. The general consensus from all participating countries was that harmonisation of fertilisation guidelines should be increased, but it was unclear in what format this could be achieved. Shared learning in the delivery and format of fertilisation guidelines and mechanisms to adhere to environmental legislation were viewed as being beneficial. However, it would be very difficult, if not impossible, to harmonise all soil test data and fertilisation methodologies at EU‐level due to diverse soil types and agro‐ecosystem influences. Nevertheless, increased future collaboration especially between neighbouring countries within the same environmental zone was seen as potentially very beneficial. This study is unique in providing current detail on fertilisation practices across European countries in a side‐by‐side comparison. The gathered data can provide a baseline for the development of scientifically based EU policy targets for nutrient loss and soil fertility evaluation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

European agricultural soil management: Towards climate‐smart and sustainability, knowledge needs and research approaches

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“…Since natural gas is essential to the production of fertilizers, European producers are changing their methods, which may result in a halt or reduction in production. Gas price increases reduced Europe's supply of nitrogen fertilizer by 25% by September 2022 [61][62][63]. Even though the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and conflicts at first helped to reduce world hunger, undernourishment rose and now affects 10% of the world's population (828 million) in 2021, up from 8% (678 million) in 2019.…”

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“…Fertilizer recommendations and decision support tools are important sources of information for farmers to increase nutrient use efficiency and decrease nutrient losses. Recent papers show that there is a large diversity in recommendations and tools between countries in the EU and that harmonization, shared learning, and a collective approach is recommended to tackle environmental problems (Nicholson et al, 2020;Higgins et al, 2023). The EU FAST tool (https://fastplatform.eu/) is developed for European Commission's DG Agriculture and Rural Development as nutrient management tool to support EU farmers, farm advisors, developers of digital solutions, and policy makers.…”