Stocks and Stoichiometry of Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus after Vegetation Restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China

Xu, Hongwei; Qu, Qing; Li, Peng; Guo, Ziqi; Entemake, Wulan; Xue, Sha

doi:10.3390/f10010027

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The results showed that recovery years mainly affected SOC sequestration and active organic carbon content (C1 and C2) in 0–30 cm depths, which initially decrease and then increase with recovery years after the cultivation of CA, HR, and RP on SL, corroborating previous researches (Chang et al, ; Jia et al, 2014; Xu et al, ). This change can be explained by multiple reasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Soil organic carbon sequestration and its stability after vegetation restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China

Wang

et al. 2020

Land Degrad Dev

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Vegetation restoration is widely recognized as a way to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stock. However, whether these recovered carbons are stable is yet largely uncertain. Thus, we determined the sequestration and stability of SOC in soils with three different types (Caragana korshinskii (CA) aged for 10, 20, 36, and 47 years, Hippophae rhamnoides (HR) aged for 5, 10, 20, and 30 years, and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP) aged for 5, 10, 20, 37, and 56 years) to compare their SOC sequestration and stability in different depths in this study. The SOC content, SOC stock, very labile fraction of oxidizable carbon (C1), labile fraction of oxidizable carbon (C2), and carbon management index (CMI) in 0–30 cm depths of the three types increased over the chronosequence. The SOC stocks increased by 1.40–3.19 Mg ha−1 in CA during the 47‐year restoration, by 5.76–10.01 Mg ha−1 in HR during the 30‐year restoration and by 1.88–8.93 Mg ha−1 in RP during the 56‐year restoration, respectively, in 0–30 cm depths. The carbon stability index (SI) in 0–10 cm depth of CA, 0–30 cm depths of HR, and 0–50 cm depths of RP decreased with recovery time. Over the recovery time, SOC content, SOC stock, CMI, and SI were lower than those of nature forest (NF aged more than 100 years) in all restored sites at the later stage of recovery. SOC sequestration decreased, but its stability increased, with the soil depths. Overall, HR had a higher SOC sequestration rate and lower SI (0–30 cm) than CA and RP. Our results revealed that although the SOC sequestration appears enhanced over the restoration, but the SOC stability becomes lower, so that the recovery of these site to the level of NF may meet difficulties in this semiarid Loess Hilly Region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Soil organic carbon sequestration and its stability after vegetation restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China

Wang

et al. 2020

Land Degrad Dev

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“…Our results found that the concentrations of C, N, and P in the study area decreased with an increase in soil depth, which is consistent with most existing studies (Cao & Chen, 2017;Xu et al, 2019;Zhang & Shangguan, 2018). At the same time, changes in C and N concentrations in the surface soil were clearly observed across the progression of vegetation succession, which is also supported by previous research (Tian et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2019). Soil nutrient is influenced not only by soil parent materials, but also by litter decomposition, root architecture, and exudates (Berger, Neubauer & Glatzel, 2002;Clemmensen et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Response Of Soil Nutrient Concentrations To Vegetation Succesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The depth of sampling is an important factor for predicting spatial variation of soil nutrients (Vandenbygaart et al, 2011). Our results found that the concentrations of C, N, and P in the study area decreased with an increase in soil depth, which is consistent with most existing studies (Cao & Chen, 2017;Xu et al, 2019;Zhang & Shangguan, 2018). At the same time, changes in C and N concentrations in the surface soil were clearly observed across the progression of vegetation succession, which is also supported by previous research (Tian et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Response Of Soil Nutrient Concentrations To Vegetation Succesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…At the same time, changes in C and N concentrations in the surface soil were clearly observed across the progression of vegetation succession, which is also supported by previous research (Tian et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2019). Soil nutrient is influenced not only by soil parent materials, but also by litter decomposition, root architecture, and exudates (Berger, Neubauer & Glatzel, 2002;Clemmensen et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2019). Microorganism-driven litter decomposition mainly occurs in surface soil (0-20 cm) (Gao et al, 2014), which increases the nutrient concentration in surface soil.…”

Section: Response Of Soil Nutrient Concentrations To Vegetation Succesupporting

confidence: 82%

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Shifts in soil nutrient concentrations and C:N:P stoichiometry during long-term natural vegetation restoration

Liu

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Ecological stoichiometry (C:N:P ratios) in soil is an important indicator of the elemental balance in ecological interactions and processes. Long-term natural vegetation plays an important role in the accumulation and distribution of soil stoichiometry. However, information about the effects of long-term secondary forest succession on soil stoichiometry along a deep soil profile is still limited. Methods We selected Ziwuling secondary succession forest developed from farmland as the study area, investigated the concentrations and stoichiometry of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) at a depth of 0–100 cm along a 90-year succession chronosequence, including farmland (control), grassland, shrub, early forest, and climax forest. Results SOC and TN concentrations significantly increased with increasing restoration age, whereas soil P concentration remained relatively stable across various successional stages. SOC and TN concentrations decreased with an increase in soil depth, exhibiting distinct soil nutrient “surface-aggregation” (high nutrients concentration in the top soil layer). The soil C:P and N:P ratios increased with an increase in restoration age, whereas the variation of the C:N ratio was small and relatively stable across vegetation succession. The nutrient limitation changed along with vegetation succession, transitioning from limited N in the earlier successional stages to limited P in the later successional stages. Conclusion Our results suggest that more nitrogen input should be applied to earlier succession stages, and more phosphorus input should be utilized in later succession stages in order to address limited availability of these elements. In general, natural vegetation restoration was an ecologically beneficial practice for the recovery of degraded soils in this area. The findings of this study strengthen our understanding of the changes of soil nutrient concentration and nutrient limitation after vegetation restoration, and provide a simple guideline for future vegetation restoration and reconstruction efforts on the Loess Plateau.

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“…The vegetation layer affects erosion by intercepting rainfall and reducing the capacity for wind and water to be transported to the sediment, thus retaining fine particles [12,36,37]. SOC increased over time, which was mainly due to the large amount of soil nutrients released by residues [38,39]. SOC binds to soil particles to form a "spring" that prevents mechanical deformation within and between soil aggregates, in addition to promoting the structuring of soil and higher infiltration capacity.…”

Section: Response Of Soil Erodibility and Multifractal Dimensions To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Soil Particle Size Distribution and Erodibility with Latitude and Vegetation Restoration Chronosequence on the Loess Plateau, China

Song

Entemake

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Analyzing the dynamics of soil particle size distribution (PSD) and erodibility is important for understanding the changes of soil texture and quality after cropland abandonment. This study aimed to determine how restoration age and latitude affect soil erodibility and the multifractal dimensions of PSD during natural recovery. We collected soil samples from grassland, shrubland, and forests with different restoration ages in the steppe zone (SZ), forest-steppe zone (FSZ), and forest zone (FZ). Various analyses were conducted on the samples, including multifractal analysis and erodibility analysis. Our results showed that restoration age had no significant effect on the multifractal dimensions of PSD (capacity dimension (D0), information dimension (D1), information dimension/capacity dimension ratio (D1/D0), correlation dimension (D2)), and soil erodibility. Multifractal dimensions tended to increase, while soil erodibility tended to decrease, with restoration age. Latitude was negatively correlated with fractal dimensions (D0, D2) and positively correlated with K and D1/D0. During vegetation restoration, restoration age, precipitation, and temperature affect the development of vegetation, resulting in differences in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil texture, and soil enzyme activity, and by affecting soil structure to change the soil stability. This study revealed the impact of restoration age and latitude on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau.

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Stocks and Stoichiometry of Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus after Vegetation Restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China

Cited by 54 publications

References 49 publications

Soil organic carbon sequestration and its stability after vegetation restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China

Soil organic carbon sequestration and its stability after vegetation restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China

Shifts in soil nutrient concentrations and C:N:P stoichiometry during long-term natural vegetation restoration

Change in Soil Particle Size Distribution and Erodibility with Latitude and Vegetation Restoration Chronosequence on the Loess Plateau, China

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