Stocking methods and parasite-induced reductions in capture: Modelling Argulus foliaceus in trout fisheries

McPherson, Nicola J.; Norman, Rachel; Hoyle, Andrew; Bron, James E.; Taylor, Nicholas G H

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.07.017

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…When the rates of shedding and pathogen decay are both low then we do not expect the DT approximation to work. Macro-parasite infections are one class of disease system within this grouping and our results indicate why models describing the complex host-parasite interaction, similar to those of similar to that of Anderson & May [ 40 , 41 ], are often used for these systems (e.g., see [ 42 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

When and why direct transmission models can be used for environmentally persistent pathogens

et al. 2021

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Variants of the susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model of Kermack & McKendrick (1927) enjoy wide application in epidemiology, offering simple yet powerful inferential and predictive tools in the study of diverse infectious diseases across human, animal and plant populations. Direct transmission models (DTM) are a subset of these that treat the processes of disease transmission as comprising a series of discrete instantaneous events. Infections transmitted indirectly by persistent environmental pathogens, however, are examples where a DTM description might fail and are perhaps better described by models that comprise explicit environmental transmission routes, so-called environmental transmission models (ETM). In this paper we discuss the stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) DTM and susceptible-exposed-infected-removed-pathogen (SEIR-P) ETM and we show that the former is the timescale separation limit of the latter, with ETM host-disease dynamics increasingly resembling those of a DTM when the pathogen’s characteristic timescale is shortened, relative to that of the host population. Using graphical posterior predictive checks (GPPC), we investigate the validity of the SEIR model when fitted to simulated SEIR-P host infection and removal times. Such analyses demonstrate how, in many cases, the SEIR model is robust to departure from direct transmission. Finally, we present a case study of white spot disease (WSD) in penaeid shrimp with rates of environmental transmission and pathogen decay (SEIR-P model parameters) estimated using published results of experiments. Using SEIR and SEIR-P simulations of a hypothetical WSD outbreak management scenario, we demonstrate how relative shortening of the pathogen timescale comes about in practice. With atttempts to remove diseased shrimp from the population every 24h, we see SEIR and SEIR-P model outputs closely conincide. However, when removals are 6-hourly, the two models’ mean outputs diverge, with distinct predictions of outbreak size and duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

When and why direct transmission models can be used for environmentally persistent pathogens

et al. 2021

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“…High host densities (such as those encountered in aquaculture systems) could override this trade off, negating any impact of reduced survival at high temperatures. For angling fisheries however, replacement stocking to maintain low fish densities has been previously predicted to decrease parasite populations (McPherson et al 2012). In this case parasite survival could potentially influence overall parasite population success, as survival at 14 °C was double compared to 24 °C allowing parasites at low temperatures more opportunities for infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the dynamics of parasites across their life cycle is critical for predicting changes to infection. Argulus populations have been previously modelled to examine the impact of control methods and predict population changes/generation time (Fenton et al 2006;Taylor et al 2009b;McPherson et al 2012;Kumar et al 2017). Of these studies, Taylor et al (2009b) used A. foliaceus length-frequency data to estimate egg incubation, hatching period and maturation rate of different cohorts within an angling fishery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freshwater lice are also a rising problem in UK angling fisheries; only one legal chemical treatment is currently available (Slice®, typically used against sea lice) with resistance a concern (Hakalahti et al 2004b;Taylor et al 2005). Management strategies focusing on stocking practices can help reduce infection depending on application (McPherson et al 2012), while control methods such as egg-laying traps lack testing (Taylor et al 2005). To improve current application of management, an understanding of how Argulus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life in the fast lane: Temperature, density and host species impact survival and growth of the fish ectoparasite Argulus foliaceus

Hunt

Cable

2020

Journal of Thermal Biology

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With expanding human populations, the food sector has faced constant pressure to sustainably expand and meet global production demands. In aquaculture this frequently manifests in an animal welfare crisis, with fish increasingly farmed under high production, high stress conditions. These intense environments can result in fish stocks having a high susceptibility to infection, with parasites and associated disease one of the main factors limiting industry growth. Prediction of infection dynamics is key to preventative treatment and mitigation. Considering the climatic and technology driven changes facing aquaculture, an understanding of how parasites react across a spectrum of conditions is required. Here we assessed the impact of temperature, infection density and host species on the life history traits of Argulus foliaceus, a common palearctic fish louse, representative of a parasite group problematic in freshwater aquaculture and fisheries worldwide. Temperature significantly affected development, growth and survival; parasites hatched and developed faster at higher temperatures, but also experienced shorter lifespans when maintained off the host. At high temperatures, these parasites will likely experience a short generation time as their life history traits are completed more rapidly. A. foliaceus additionally grew faster on natural hosts and at lower infection densities. Ultimately such results contribute to prediction of population dynamics, aiding development of effective control to improve animal welfare and reduce industry loss.

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“…Parasites are disease agents that can infect both wild and farmed fish (Alsarakibi et al 2014). Parasitic infections are common in fish, especially in wild fish populations from various aquatic environments where the ecological requirements are met for both the host organism and parasite transmission (McPherson et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Argulus indicus, histopathology and hematological properties of infected wild fish in Lake Towuti, Indonesia

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Amriana, Sari DK, Sriwulan, Anshary H. 2021. Prevalence of Argulus indicus, histopathology and hematological properties of infected wild fish in Lake Towuti, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3578-3584. Parasites are disease agents that can threaten the health and survival of wild fish as individuals and at a population level. This study aimed to improve knowledge on the prevalence of Argulus indicus, infestation rates and the pathological effects of parasite infestation on hosts as well as hematological properties of infected fish. This study can inform future studies on the prevention and control of the cases of Argulus indicus infestation. Fish from Lake Towuti (20 45? 0? S, 1210 30? 0? E) were caught from February to May 2019 using traps and gill nets. The total of 373 specimens obtained comprised 102 climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), 74 three-spot cichlids (Cichlasoma trimaculatum), 84 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and 113 striped snakeheads (Channa striata). The prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of A. indicus were highest in C. striata with a prevalence of 81%, mean intensity of 5.17 parasites/fish and abundance of 4.06 parasites/fish. The lowest parasite infection level was seen in C. trimaculatum with a prevalence of 4.1%, mean intensity 1.66 and mean abundance of 0.06. Histological analysis showed inflammatory responses in the skin of snakeheads (hemorrhage, increased spread of melanomacrophage and leukocyte cells), melanomacrophage and the spread of leukocyte cells were observed in climbing perch. In contrast, melanomacrophage was often observed in tilapia and trimac cichlid. Blood imaging analysis showed significant differences (P <0.05) in the number of leukocytes and percentage of monocyte cells between uninfested fish and those infested with A. indicus.

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Stocking methods and parasite-induced reductions in capture: Modelling Argulus foliaceus in trout fisheries

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

When and why direct transmission models can be used for environmentally persistent pathogens

When and why direct transmission models can be used for environmentally persistent pathogens

Life in the fast lane: Temperature, density and host species impact survival and growth of the fish ectoparasite Argulus foliaceus

Prevalence of Argulus indicus, histopathology and hematological properties of infected wild fish in Lake Towuti, Indonesia

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