Stockholm Effects and Psychological Responses to Captivity in Hostages Held by Suicide Terrorists

Speckhard, Anne; Tarabrina, Nadejda; Краснов, В.; Mufel, Natalia

doi:10.1528/trau.2005.11.2.121

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…14.74% of participants reported they had 'no reaction; at all to media reports of terrorist act. Repeated exposure to media reports may lead to desensitization, or alter individual psychological processes, including identifying or sympathizing with terrorist causes [63]. Terrorist groups need money to carry out their objectives because they incur both organizational and operational cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Public Support for Moderate and Extreme Terrorism

Norman¹

2017

J Foren Psy

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The purpose of this paper is to 'Compare Public Support for Moderate Terrorism and Extreme Terrorism' in high terror active nations (India, Iraq, Nigeria); medium terror active nations (China, United Kingdom, United States); and low terror active nations (Australia, Canada, South Korea); selected from the Global Terrorism Index (2014); and to explore the effects of greater levels of threat (because of increased terror activity), on support by the public. To assess the reliability and validity of a new survey instrument in measuring support for terrorism and to evaluate a series of exploratory questions of added value. The voids highlighted in this paper validate the need for an international legal definition of terrorism, which has eschewed researchers, thus creating the potential for widespread abuse and avoidance of existing terrorism laws. How the media frames a terrorist event plays a significant role in the publics' perception of terrorist organizations and the publics' willingness to support them. It was found that a high percentage of the public are incognizant of which organizations are terrorist organizations; how their donations are being utilized, and persons are often unaware of their role within a terrorist organization. The findings indicated that overall, respondents were least likely to support extremism. Men were more concerned than women about increased terror activity and anti-abortion rights. Women from high terror active nations were least likely to respond to the survey. This research sets the framework for further investigation into moderate and extreme terrorism and exposes the challenges faced by researchers in isolating factors that contribute to public support for terrorism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Public Support for Moderate and Extreme Terrorism

Norman¹

2017

J Foren Psy

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“…In contrast to the cruelty, any gesture of kindness is amplified and received with excessive gratitude. Stockholm Syndrome is interpreted as a coping mechanism (Speckhard et al, 2005) that enables a victim to survive their ordeal, although to an outsider this gratitude appears misplaced.…”

Section: The Context: Domestic Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Can positivity be counterproductive when suffering domestic abuse?: A narrative review

Sinclair¹,

Hart²,

Lomas³

2020

Intnl. J. Wellbeing

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Positive Psychology has been criticized for making people feel pressured to remain positive irrespective of circumstances. This narrative review specifically investigates the relationship between positive attitudes and denial in the context of domestic abuse, in order to examine whether there is research evidence to support the critique on the adverse upshots of positivity. The search yielded 29 studies. Overall the literature suggests that misdirected or overgeneralized positivity exacerbates harm and abuse: an optimistic bias can put victims in danger; empathy, hope, acceptance and resilience are associated with refraining to leave abusive relationships; and forgiveness increases the likelihood of further transgressions. We therefore argue that scholars and practitioners need demonstrate care in promoting positivity, since it can be detrimental within a toxic context.

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“…Once a self-directed hostile stance becomes internalized, it is reasonable that the self-accusatory aspects of the orientation will entail guilt as a justification of the abuse. It is noteworthy that removal of guilt is a major focus of deprogramming cult members (Dubrow-Eichel, 1989), hostages (Speckhard et al, 2005), and prisoners of war (Zimbardo et al, 1977). 22…”

Section: Is Survivor Guilt Intrapersonal or Transpersonal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survivor guilt

Jüni

2016

International Review of Victimology

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Survivor guilt is a construct which is ill defined in the literature. Disparate overlapping and inconsistent formulations are outlined and critiqued from the orientation of reactions of Jewish Holocaust victims. Utilizing the perspective of Defense Mechanism Theory, guilt is explored as an adaptive construct of mastery and survival in extreme conditions. Aspects of culpability in guilt are examined. Brief quotes from survivor narratives are presented to elaborate nuances of guilt experiences. Defensive strategies which coincide with exposure to violence and suffering of others and where there is no overt personal threat experienced by the 'survivor' are highlighted. A framework is proposed synthesizing the various motifs, bridging emotions ranging from selfrecrimination to traumatic anxiety. The assumptions that survivor guilt is engendered by survival and that it entails feelings of guilt are both challenged.

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Stockholm Effects and Psychological Responses to Captivity in Hostages Held by Suicide Terrorists

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

A Comparison of Public Support for Moderate and Extreme Terrorism

A Comparison of Public Support for Moderate and Extreme Terrorism

Can positivity be counterproductive when suffering domestic abuse?: A narrative review

Survivor guilt

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