Stochastic Solutions to Rough Surface Scattering Using the Finite Element Method

Khankhoje, Uday K.; Padhy, Shreyas

doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2715366

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We evaluate the diffuse scattering from a single rough interface. We compare our results to those derived in [20], where the Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to estimate the bistatic RCS,…”

Section: A Validationmentioning

confidence: 98%

FDTD-Based Diffuse Scattering and Transmission Models for Ray-Tracing of Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

Bakirtzis,

Hashimoto,

Sarris

2020

Preprint

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At millimeter-wave frequencies, diffuse scattering from rough surfaces is an important propagation mechanism. Including this mechanism in radio propagation modeling tools, such as ray-tracing, is a key step towards realizing accurate propagation models for 5G and beyond systems. We propose a two-stage solution to this problem. First, we model reflection and transmission through rough slabs, such as doors, walls and windows with the FDTD method. Our results indicate the influence of roughness and whether this influence is measurable, either reducing the magnitude of the reflected and transmitted waves, or (most importantly) generating diffuse scattering components. In the latter case, the surface effectively acts as a secondary source, whose pattern is computed by full-wave analysis. Then, this pattern is embedded in a ray-tracer, enabling the computation and tracing of diffuse scattering field components. We demonstrate this approach in the ray-tracing analysis of a 28 GHz indoor environment.

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Section: A Validationmentioning

confidence: 98%

FDTD-Based Diffuse Scattering and Transmission Models for Ray-Tracing of Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

Bakirtzis,

Hashimoto,

Sarris

2020

Preprint

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“…For each surface realization, the whole computational domain needs to be re-meshed, which may take a lot of time. The scheme of using a single locally modified mesh can greatly improve the computational efficiency [38] and will be explored in the future.…”

Section: Parameter Selection and Computational Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Microwave Scattering from Layered Sea Ice Based on the Finite Element Method

Brekke

Doulgeris

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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A two-dimensional scattering model based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is built for simulating the microwave scattering of sea ice, which is a layered medium. The scattering problem solved by the FEM is formulated following a total- and scattered-field decomposition strategy. The model set-up is first validated with good agreements by comparing the results of the FEM with those of the small perturbation method and the method of moment. Subsequently, the model is applied to two cases of layered sea ice to study the effect of subsurface scattering. The first case is newly formed sea ice which has scattering from both air–ice and ice–water interfaces. It is found that the backscattering has a strong oscillation with the variation of sea ice thickness. The found oscillation effects can increase the difficulty of retrieving the thickness of newly formed sea ice from the backscattering data. The second case is first-year sea ice with C-shaped salinity profiles. The scattering model accounts for the variations in the salinity profile by approximating the profile as consisting of a number of homogeneous layers. It is found that the salinity profile variations have very little influence on the backscattering for both C- and L-bands. The results show that the sea ice can be considered to be homogeneous with a constant salinity value in modelling the backscattering and it is difficult to sense the salinity profile of sea ice from the backscattering data, because the backscattering is insensitive to the salinity profile.

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“…The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), together with the impedance boundary conditions (IBC) and the self-dual integral equation, is applied to calculate the backscattering from a rough sea surface under low grazing incidence [2]. A stochastic solution of the EM scattering from a penetrable, randomly rough surface is derived by using the vector-based-finite-element method (FEM) in [3]. Li et al combined the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach with the uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) absorbing boundary to solve the EM scattering problems of 1-D rough sea surfaces [4], 2-D rough sea surfaces [5], and two-layered rough surfaces [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Scattering and Doppler Spectrum Simulation of Land–Sea Junction Composite Rough Surface

Chai

Zhu

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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In this paper, a weighted arctangent function is used in conjunction with the spectral method to generate a land–sea junction composite rough surface under the spatially homogeneous and time-stationary hypotheses. The exponential correlation function and the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum, combined with an experiment-verified shoaling coefficient, are applied to model the land surfaces and the time-varying sea surfaces separately. The second-order small slope approximation (SSA-II) with tapered wave incidence is utilized for evaluating the electromagnetic scattering characteristics and Doppler characteristics of the generated composite rough surface. The influence of land–sea interface factors on radar cross-section (RCS) and Doppler shift of radar echoes is investigated in detail by comparing the RCS and Doppler spectra of the land–sea junction composite rough surfaces with those of finite-depth sea surfaces. It can be found that the Doppler spectra of the land–sea junction composite rough surface is narrower than that of the finite-depth sea surface under upwind directions and wider than that of the finite-depth sea surface under crosswind directions.

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Stochastic Solutions to Rough Surface Scattering Using the Finite Element Method

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

FDTD-Based Diffuse Scattering and Transmission Models for Ray-Tracing of Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

FDTD-Based Diffuse Scattering and Transmission Models for Ray-Tracing of Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

Numerical Analysis of Microwave Scattering from Layered Sea Ice Based on the Finite Element Method

Electromagnetic Scattering and Doppler Spectrum Simulation of Land–Sea Junction Composite Rough Surface

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