Stochastic Optimal Design of Household-Based Hybrid Energy Supply Systems Using Sample Average Approximation

Abstract

In terms of energy production, combining conventional and renewable energy sources prove to be more sustainable and cost-effective. Nevertheless, efficient planning and designing of such systems are extremely complex due to the intermittency of renewable sources. Many existing studies fail to capture the stochasticity and/or avoid detailed reliability analysis. This research proposes a practical stochastic multi-objective optimization tool for optimally laying out and sizing the components of a grid-linked system to optimize system power at a low cost. A comparative analysis of four state-of-the-art algorithms using the hypervolume measure, execution time, and nonparametric statistical analysis revealed that the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) was more promising, despite its significantly longer execution time. According to the NSGA-III calculations, given solar irradiance and energy profiles, the household would need to install a 5.5 (kWh) solar panel tilted at 26.3° and orientated at 0.52° to produce 65.6 (kWh) of power. The best battery size needed to store enough excess power to improve reliability was 2.3 (kWh). The cost for the design was $73520. In comparison, the stochastic technique allows for the construction of a grid-linked system that is far more cost-effective and reliable.

Stochastic Optimal Selection and Analysis of Allowable Photovoltaic Penetration Level for Grid-Connected Systems Using a Hybrid NSGAII-MOPSO and Monte Carlo Method

“…To estimate irradiance, the anisotropic model of Klucher developed from the Coulson and Temps and Liu and Jordan models for every condition of the sky, like almost clear, clear, and cloudy, was employed. The details of the model can be found in the references [3,50,[57][58][59], and it is defined as…”

“…The hourly energy consumption data was estimated using a robust probabilistic approach called the bottom-up method, whose theoretical details can be found in [3,59,91]. The consumption profiles in Table 3 are used in the simulation.…”

“…They fluctuate rapidly with the potential to destabilize economies. The global energy demand currently exceeds the supply, causing an unpredictable power distribution and forcing rationing of power in many countries [3]. According to many studies, including [4], these effects can be reduced significantly by using renewable energy sources (RES).…”

“…Therefore, a special design with a stronger focus on achieving a trade-off between minimum overall SPV system cost and high system reliability is mandatory [12]. A Hybrid Energy Supply System (HESS) formed by integrating multiple energy sources could give a much more reliable and costeffective energy supply system [3,13]. HESS is a gateway to deploying more affordable RES technologies that would eventually replace the CES [14].…”

Stochastic Optimal Harmonic Suppression with Permissible Photovoltaic Penetration Level for Grid-Linked Systems using Monte Carlo-Based Hybrid NSGA2-MOPSO

“…The Renewable Energy Sources (RES) integration into existing Conventional Power Distribution Systems (PDS) to form a Hybrid Energy Supply System (HESS) ensures a consistent and reliable supply of energy at a cost competitive with conventional power sources [1]. This HESS could provide a continuous power supply in various climatic conditions, improving power supply efficiency and reliability [2].…”