Stochastic models support rapid peopling of Late Pleistocene Sahul

Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Norman, Kasih; Ulm, Sean; Williams, Alan N.; Clarkson, Chris; Chadœuf, Joël; Lin, Sam C.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Roberts, Richard G.; Bird, Michael I.; Weyrich, Laura S.; Haberle, Simon; O’Connor, Sue; Llamas, Bastien; Cohen, Tim J; Friedrich, Tobias; Veth, Peter; Leavesley, Matthew; Saltré, Frédérik

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21551-3

Cited by 41 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Similarly, we remain oblivious about the precise location of the inferred population Hub, although North Africa or West Asia seems the most plausible candidates. More ancient genomes are needed, as well as a better understanding of the role of South and SouthEast Asia, for which currently known material culture suggests complex trajectories ( Petraglia et al 2010 ; Dennell and Petraglia 2012 ; Allen and O’Connell 2014 ; Michel et al 2016 ; Clarkson et al 2017 ; Westaway et al 2017 ; O’Connell et al 2018 ; Shackelford et al 2018 ; Bird et al 2019 ; Bradshaw et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa

Vallini

Marciani

Aneli

et al. 2022

Genome Biology and Evolution

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The population dynamics that followed the Out of Africa (OoA) expansion and the whereabouts of the early migrants before the differentiation that ultimately led to the formation of Oceanian, West and East Eurasian macropopulations have long been debated. Shedding light on these events may, in turn, provide clues to better understand the cultural evolution in Eurasia between 50 and 35 ka. Here, we analyze Eurasian Paleolithic DNA evidence to provide a comprehensive population model and validate it in light of available material culture. Leveraging on our integrated approach we propose the existence of a Eurasian population Hub, where Homo sapiens lived between the OoA and the broader colonization of Eurasia, which was characterized by multiple events of expansion and local extinction. A major population wave out of Hub, of which Ust’Ishim, Bacho Kiro, and Tianyuan are unadmixed representatives, is broadly associated with Initial Upper Paleolithic lithics and populated West and East Eurasia before or around 45 ka, before getting largely extinct in Europe. In this light, we suggest a parsimonious placement of Oase1 as an individual related to Bacho Kiro who experienced additional Neanderthal introgression. Another expansion, started before 38 ka, is broadly associated with Upper Paleolithic industries and repopulated Europe with sporadic admixtures with the previous wave (GoyetQ116-1) and more systematic ones, whereas moving through Siberia (Yana, Mal’ta). Before these events, we also confirm Zlatý Kůň as the most basal human lineage sequenced to date OoA, potentially representing an earlier wave of expansion out of the Hub.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa

Vallini

Marciani

Aneli

et al. 2022

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…The current as well as future expansions of SahulArch will further facilitate modelling efforts aimed to better understand the history of human occupation of the Sahul landmass. The utility of these data collections has been illustrated recently by two studies looking at the first peopling of Sahul (Bradshaw et al, 2021;Crabtree et al, 2021) that rely on a precursor of SahulArch (Williams et al, 2014) to provide chronological data for numerical modelling of possible peopling pathways across the landmass. The SahulArch collection is currently biased towards ages published since 2014 and the geographical areas of the northern and south-eastern Australia where data entry has focussed to date.…”

Section: Sahul Archaeology (Sahularch)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hope that with the expansion of SahulSed to include OSL and TL ages from aeolian and lacustrine sedimentary archives, in addition to the fluvial archives that were part of OCTOPUS v.1, and with the inclusion of SahulArch, OCTOPUS v.2 will become an equally important resource for the Australian Quaternary and archaeology research communities. The utility of these data collections has been illustrated recently by two high-profile studies looking at the first peopling of Sahul (Bradshaw et al, 2021;Crabtree et al, 2021) that rely on a precursor of SahulArch (Williams et al, 2014) to provide chronological constraints on numerical modelling and select most plausible modelled scenarios. Ultimately, it is our hope that OCTOPUS will continue to ensure that data are reusable beyond the scope of the project for which they were initially collected, and so continue to enable large-scale synoptic studies that would otherwise not be possible.…”

Section: Technical Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

OCTOPUS Database v.2

Codilean

Munack

Saktura

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Abstract. OCTOPUS v.2 is an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant web-enabled database that allows users to visualise, query, and download cosmogenic radionuclide, luminescence, and radiocarbon ages and denudation rates associated with erosional landscapes, Quaternary depositional landforms and archaeological records, along with ancillary geospatial (vector and raster) data layers. The database follows the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles and is based on open-source software deployed on Google Cloud Platform. Data stored in the database can be visualised, queried, and downloaded via a custom-built web interface and via desktop GIS applications that support OGC data access protocols. OCTOPUS v.2 hosts five major data collections. CRN Denudation and ExpAge consist of published cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements in modern fluvial sediment and glacial samples, respectively. Both collections have a global extent and in addition to geospatial vector layers, the former also includes raster layers, including digital elevation model, gradient raster, flow-direction and flow-accumulation rasters, atmospheric pressure raster, and CRN production scaling and topographic shielding factor rasters. SahulSed consists of published optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) ages for fluvial, aeolian, and lacustrine sedimentary records across the Australian mainland and Tasmania. SahulArch consists of published OSL, TL, and radiocarbon ages for archaeological records and FosSahul consists of published late Quaternary records of direct and indirect non-human vertebrate (mega)fauna fossil ages that have been systematically quality rated. Supporting data are comprehensive and include bibliographic, contextual, and sample preparation and measurement related information. In the case of cosmogenic radionuclide data, OCTOPUS also includes all necessary information and input files for the recalculation of denudation rates using the open-source program CAIRN. OCTOPUS v.2 and its associated data curation framework allow the harnessing of valuable legacy data that would otherwise be lost to the research community. The database can be accessed at https://octopusdata.org (last access: 30 January 2022). The individual data collections can also be accessed via their respective digital object identifiers (DOIs).

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“…Williams [90] estimates an Aboriginal population of 0.77-1.1 million at the time of European contact. Subsequently, Bradshaw and colleagues [91] have estimated a population of 3.1 million. The average "kangaroo" carcass taken by the commercial industry yields 23 kg of meat [92], but realistically Aboriginal hunters were more likely to kill the "average kangaroo" with a yield of 13 kg of meat.…”

Section: Human Predation Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Perils of Being Populous: Control and Conservation of Abundant Kangaroo Species

Croft

Witte²

2021

Animals

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Australia’s first people managed landscapes for kangaroo species as important elements of their diet, accoutrements and ceremony. This developed and persisted for about 65,000 years. The second wave of colonists from the United Kingdom, Ireland and many subsequent countries introduced familiar domesticated livestock and they have imposed their agricultural practices on the same landscapes since 1788. This heralded an ongoing era of management of kangaroos that are perceived as competitors to livestock and unwanted consumers of crops. Even so, a kangaroo image remains the iconic identifier of Australia. Kangaroo management is shrouded in dogma and propaganda and creates a tension along a loose rural–city divide. This divide is further dissected by the promotion of the consumption of kangaroo products as an ecological good marred by valid concerns about hygiene and animal welfare. In the last decade, the fervour to suppress and micro-manage populations of some kangaroo species has mounted. This includes suppression within protected areas that have generally been considered as safe havens. This review explores these tensions between the conservation of iconic and yet abundant wildlife, and conflict with people and the various interfaces at which they meet kangaroos.

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Stochastic models support rapid peopling of Late Pleistocene Sahul

Cited by 41 publications

References 81 publications

Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa

Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa

OCTOPUS Database v.2

The Perils of Being Populous: Control and Conservation of Abundant Kangaroo Species

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