Stochastic modeling and performance analysis in balancing load and traffic for vehicular ad hoc networks: A review

Abstract

SummaryThe rapid growth of vehicular applications has resulted in high demand for Internet technology, which demands an unprecedented network capacity and a high quality of service (QoS). In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), since nodes (vehicles) are highly mobile. The dynamic nature of the network topology in the VANET system changes due to frequent changes in link connectivity. The vehicles‐to‐vehicles (V2V), vehicles‐to‐infrastructure (V2I), and QoS, as well as the heterogeneity of applications within the VANET. VANETs have been introduced to make driving comfortable by providing safety and support to drivers. Due to the flexibility and offloading schemes available in‐vehicle applications, there are some limitations. However, there are many issues in providing optimum service provisioning and scheduling in the vehicular environment. In VANETs, BSs and roadside units (RSUs) improve QoS. However, Internet services transmit packets to vehicles using stochastic models, and it predicts the traffic on a VANET. We provide open challenges to drive stochastic models in this direction.

Stochastic Modeling for Intelligent Software-Defined Vehicular Networks: A Survey

“…The location of vehicles, traffic flows, and the cooperative data scheduling of vehicles have been studied [3]. V2I communication is enabled by RSUs picking up data from source and destination vehicles.…”

“…He et al [37] Ravi et al [3] ravi et al [11] Sood et al [40] Liyanage et al [46] ravi et al [96] Xiong et al [39] Thiruvasagam et al [141] Halabian et al [142] Misra et al [59] SDN in Heterogeneous Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: The purpose of this section is to present an approach to multi-hop cooperative data dissemination in SDHVNs that improves the forwarding of data traffic, the utility of the network, and the reliability of the network. Through the data plane, the SDHVN transmits and receives packets.…”

“…Research on SDVNs focuses on integrating and analyzing heterogeneous data for intelligent decision making. [148] Centralized SDUDN Queueing model Sood et al [40] Centralized CPU Utilization Queueing Model ravi et al [96] Centralized Packet Scheduling Queueing Model Mahmood et al [149] Centralized SDN-based VANETs QoS Resources ravi et al [3] Centralized Data Scheduling Queueing Model Liyanage et al [46] Hierarchical SDVN CPP kumar et al [150] Heterogeneous SD5GNet Queueing Model Ye et al [151] Heterogeneous VNF-5G core networks Queueing Model…”

“…Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP) in SDN (software-defined networking) is a process that automates the configuration of network devices, such as switches and routers, without requiring any manual intervention from network engineers. ZTP enables a more adaptive and agile network infrastructure, allowing network devices to configure themselves automatically based on the real-time changes in the network environment [3,64,163]. One of the primary advantages of ZTP in SDN is the reduction in human intervention, which can lead to faster decision making and fewer errors.…”

“…This enhances QoS in VANETs [2]. Link connectivity changes frequently based on vehicle-tovehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) distances due to high mobility in a VANET system [3]. The packet is forwarded through vehicles using internet services modeled in a queueing network for data dissemination [4].…”