Stochastic load profile construction for the multi-tier framework for household electricity access using off-grid DC appliances

Narayan, Nishant; Qin, Zian; Popović, Jelena; Diehl, Jan Carel; Bauer, Pavol; Zeman, Miroslav

doi:10.1007/s12053-018-9725-6

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The term centralized refers to the central power generation and storage, which is shown in Figure 5 in the form of solar PV and battery storage. Additionally, given the recent proliferation of the so-called super-efficient DC appliances [28], the microgrid depicted in Figure 5 assumes a DC architecture.…”

Section: Centralized Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Long Road to Universal Electrification: A Critical Look at Present Pathways and Challenges

et al. 2020

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Nearly 840 million people still lack access to electricity, while over a billion more have an unreliable electricity connection. In this article, the three different electrification pathways—grid extension, centralized microgrids, and standalone solar-based solutions, such as pico-solar and solar home systems (SHS)—are critically examined while understanding their relative merits and demerits. Grid extension can provide broad scale access at low levelized costs but requires a certain electricity demand threshold and population density to justify investments. To a lesser extent, centralized (off-grid) microgrids also require a minimum demand threshold and knowledge of the electricity demand. Solar-based solutions are the main focus in terms of off-grid electrification in this article, given the equatorial/tropical latitudes of the un(der-)electrified regions. In recent times, decentralized solar-based off-grid solutions, such as pico-solar and SHS, have shown the highest adoption rates and promising impetus with respect to basic lighting and electricity for powering small appliances. However, the burning question is—from lighting a million to empowering a billion—can solar home systems get us there?The two main roadblocks for SHS are discussed, and the requirements from the ideal electrification pathway are introduced. A bottom-up, interconnected SHS-based electrification pathway is proposed as the missing link among the present electrification pathways.

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Section: Centralized Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, PUE appliances, such as power tools, pumps, etc. are of higher power rating than basic consumptive household appliances, such as fans, TV, and a small fridge [28]. These are better supported by microgrids than SHS.…”

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The Long Road to Universal Electrification: A Critical Look at Present Pathways and Challenges

et al. 2020

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“…For this case, environmental data from a rural area in Cambodia (Stung Treng) is used to obtain the PV power, and the data for the load is taken from a tier 2 case in a rural electrification study [31], both with one-minute time step.…”

Section: Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management System for the Photovoltaic Battery Integrated Module

et al. 2018

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Given the complementary nature of photovoltaic (PV) generation and energy storage, the combination of a solar panel and a battery pack in one single device is proposed. To realize this concept, the PV Battery Integrated Module (PBIM), it is fundamental to analyze the system architecture and energy management. This paper focuses on selecting a suitable architecture among the different options, while also indicating the control strategy that the converters must follow to ensure appropriate performance. Also, several modes of operation for the complete system are introduced to implement energy management. For the selected DC architecture, two case studies, viz. off-grid and peak-shaving for a grid-tied system, were employed to characterize the response of the model demonstrating its utility to perform maximum power-point tracking, excess solar power curtailment, and battery charging and discharging. The proposed control and system architecture prove to be feasible for a PV Battery Integrated device such as PBIM.

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“…This also opens more possibilities of generating realistic residential load profiles to compensate for the lack of measured residential load datasets. These datasets are difficult to collect because of changes in occupancy and spotty deployment of smart meters [15], [16]. As a result of insufficient measured data, average load profiles are commonly used in research studies, which may lead to misleading results due to a lack of diversity [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenario Forecasting of Residential Load Profiles

Zhang

2020

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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Load forecasting is an integral part of power system operations and planning. Due to the increasing penetration of rooftop PV, electric vehicles and demand response applications, forecasting the load of individual and a small group of households is becoming increasingly important. Forecasting the load accurately, however, is considerable more difficult when only a few households are included. A way to mitigate this challenge is to provide a set of scenarios instead of one point forecast, so an operator or utility can consider a range of behaviors. This paper proposes a novel scenario forecasting approach for residential load using flow-based conditional generative models. Compared to existing scenario forecasting methods, our approach can generate scenarios that are not only able to infer possible future realizations of residential load from the observed historical data but also realistic enough to cover a wide range of behaviors. Particularly, the flow-based models utilize a flow of reversible transformations to maximize the value of conditional density function of future load given the past observations. In order to better capture the complex temporal dependency of the forecasted future load on the condition, we extend the structure design for the reversible transformations in flow-based conditional generative models by strengthening the coupling between the output and the conditional input in the transformations. The simulation results show the flow-based designs outperform existing methods in scenario forecasting for residential load by both providing more accurate and more diverse scenarios. arXiv:1906.07373v1 [eess.SY]

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Stochastic load profile construction for the multi-tier framework for household electricity access using off-grid DC appliances

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

The Long Road to Universal Electrification: A Critical Look at Present Pathways and Challenges

The Long Road to Universal Electrification: A Critical Look at Present Pathways and Challenges

Energy Management System for the Photovoltaic Battery Integrated Module

Scenario Forecasting of Residential Load Profiles

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