Stochastic hydraulic safety factor for gas containment in underground storage caverns

Chung, Il-Moon; Cho, Woncheol; Heo, Jun Haeng

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(03)00275-0

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The economic data for the optimization, which were fulfilled into the objective function, are presented in Table 3. The design stored gas capacity per the cavern V gas was planned to be 5.56 millions m 3 , number of planned caverns No cav was 1, the volume of tunnel excavation per cavern was 1330 m 3 , the unit mass of steel ρ was 7.85 t/m 3 and the percentage of the reinforcement r perc was 0.15%. Since the NLP model OPTUGS is highly non-linear, the optimization was performed by the computer code GAMS/CONOPT2 (the general reduced gradient method) [12].…”

Section: Optimization Of the Ugs Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the underground gas storage in different rock environments

Kravanja

Žlender

2012

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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This paper presents the cost optimization of underground gas storage (UGS), designed from lined rock caverns (LRC). The optimization is performed by the non-linear programming (NLP) approach in different rock environments. For this purpose, the NLP optimization model OPTUGS was developed. The model comprises the cost objective function, which is subjected to geomechanical and design constraints. The optimization proposed is to be performed for the phase of the conceptual design. A numerical example at the end of the paper demonstrates the efficiency of the introduced optimization approach.

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Section: Optimization Of the Ugs Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper deals with the optimization of the investment and operational costs of the underground gas storage (UGS), designed from lined rock caverns (LRC) [1][2][3]. The optimization is performed by the non-linear programming (NLP) approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the underground gas storage in different rock environments

Kravanja

Žlender

2012

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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“…The paper deals with the optimization of the investment and operational costs of an underground gas storage (UGS), designed from lined rock caverns (LRCs) [1][2][3]. The optimization is performed by the non-linear programming (NLP) approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design of underground gas storage

Kravanja

Žlender

2010

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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This paper presents the cost optimization of an underground gas storage (UGS), designed from lined rock caverns (LRCs). The optimization is performed by the non-linear programming (NLP) approach. For this purpose, the NLP optimization model OPTUGS was developed. The model comprises the cost objective function, which is subjected to geomechanical and design constraints. It is proposed that the geotechnical problem will be solved simultaneously. In such a way, the optimization enables not only that the solution is optimal, but also that the rock mass achieves enough strength, stability and safety. It is proposed that the optimization will be performed for the phase of the conceptual design. The numerical example at the end of the paper demonstrates the efficiency of the introduced optimization approach.

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“…Goodall et al (1988) proposed the simple criterion that no gas leakage can occur as long as water pressure increases for some interval along all possible gas-leakage paths away from a cavern. Recently, Chung et al (2003) pointed out that the spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivities directly affects the variation of hydraulic head and gradient. Hence, a safety factor calculated assuming a homogeneous hydraulic conductivity is insufficient to ensure safety from gas leakage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the safety factor calculated by assuming homogeneous hydraulic conductivity is insufficient to ensure safety from gas leakage (Chung et al, 2003). However, the previous study is based on the hydraulic gradient calculated from a conventional saturated groundwater flow simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulations of Leakage from Underground LPG Storage Caverns

Yamamoto¹,

Pruess²

2004

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To secure a stable supply of petroleum gas, underground storage caverns for liquified petroleum gas (LPG) are commonly used in many countries worldwide. Storing LPG in underground caverns requires that the surrounding rock mass remain saturated with groundwater and that the water pressure be higher than the liquid pressure inside the cavern.In previous studies, gas containment criteria for underground gas storage based on hydraulic gradient and pressure have been discussed, but these studies do not consider the physicochemical characteristics and behavior of LPG such as vaporization and dissolution in groundwater. Therefore, while these studies are very useful for designing storage caverns, they do not provide better understanding of the either the environmental effects of gas contamination or the behavior of vaporized LPG.In this study, we have performed three-phase fluid flow simulations of gas leakage from underground LPG storage caverns, using the multiphase multicomponent nonisothermal simulator TMVOC (Pruess and Battistelli, 2002), which is capable of solving the three-phase nonisothermal flow of water, gas, and a multicomponent mixture of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in multidimensional heterogeneous porous media.A two-dimensional cross-sectional model resembling an actual underground LPG facility in Japan was developed, and gas leakage phenomena were simulated for three different permeability models: (1) a homogeneous model, (2) a single-fault model, and (3) a heterogeneous model. In addition, the behavior of stored LPG was studied for the special case of a water curtain suddenly losing its function because of operational problems, or because of long-term effects such as clogging of boreholes.The results of the study indicate the following: (1) The water curtain system is a very powerful means for preventing gas leakage from underground storage facilities. By operating with appropriate pressure and layout, gas containment can be ensured. (2) However, in highly heterogeneous media such as fractured rock and fault zones, local flow paths within which the gas containment criterion is not satisfied could be formed. To eliminate such zones, treatments such as pre/post grouting or an additional installment of water-curtain boreholes are essential. (3) Along highly conductive features such as faults, even partially saturated zones possess certain effects that can retard or prevent gas leakage, while a fully unsaturated fault connected to the storage cavern can quickly cause a gas blowout. This possibility strongly suggests that ensuring water saturation of the rock surrounding the cavern is a very important requirement. (4) Even if an accident should suddenly impair the water curtain, the gas plume does not quickly penetrate the ground surface. In these simulations, the plume takes several months to reach the ground surface.

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Stochastic hydraulic safety factor for gas containment in underground storage caverns

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Optimization of the underground gas storage in different rock environments

Optimization of the underground gas storage in different rock environments

Optimal design of underground gas storage

Numerical Simulations of Leakage from Underground LPG Storage Caverns

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