Stochastic effects in adaptive reconstruction of body damage: implied the creativity of natural selection

Abstract

After an injury occurs, mechanical/biochemical loads on muscles influence the composition and structure of recovering muscles; this effect likely occurs in other tissues, cells and biological molecules as well owing to the similarity, interassociation and interaction among biochemical reactions and molecules. The ‘damage and reconstruction’ model provides an explanation for how an ideal cytoarchitecture is created by reducing components not suitable for bearing loads; in this model, adaptive changes are induced by promoting the stochasticity of biochemical reactions. Biochemical and mechanical loads can direct the stochasticity of biochemical reactions, which can in turn induce cellular changes. Thus, mechanical and biochemical loads, under natural selection pressure, modify the direction of cell- and tissue-level changes and guide the formation of new structures and traits, thereby influencing microevolution. In summary, the ‘damage and reconstruction’ model accounts for the role of natural selection in the formation of new organisms, helps explain punctuated equilibrium, and illustrates how macroevolution arises from microevolution.

Heat‐Shrinkable Electrospun Fibrous Tape for Restoring Structure and Function of Loose Soft Tissue

“…To achieve a successful reconstruction, the physical and functional features such as biochemical components, [ 27 ] microenvironment, [ 28 ] microstructures [ 29 ] as well as biomechanical characters [ 30 ] of the destroyed tissues should be taken into consideration. Compared with currently used knitted meshes, electrospun scaffolds allow cell adherence, [ 31 ] proliferation, [ 32 ] and matrix deposition [ 33 ] with its softness that is similar to native tissues.…”

The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode

“…versus neuronal decline [26]. Mechanical loads also direct the stochasticity of biochemical reactions [28]. The greater (versus CON) muscular mechanical strain imposed by ECC may thus promote a stochastic transcriptional response, as observed herein.…”

TNFα gene silencing mediated by orally targeted nanoparticles combined with interleukin-22 for synergistic combination therapy of ulcerative colitis

“…The discrepancy in the particle sizes measured by DLS and SEM/TEM may be due to the different NP surface states under dissimilar test conditions. As described in our previous study [47], NPs are in a fully swollen state when examined by DLS, whereas they are completely dehydrated for SEM/TEM characterization. As reported, cells are inclined to internalize NPs with particle sizes < 400 nm [48, 49].…”