Stitching Methodology for Whole Slide Low-Cost Robotic Microscope Based on a Smartphone

Ortuño, Juan E.; Lin, Lin; Ortega, María del Pilar Santacruz; García-Villena, Jaime; Cuadrado, Daniel; Linares, María; Santos, A.; Ledesma-Carbayo, María J.; Luengo-Oroz, Miguel

doi:10.1109/isbi45749.2020.9098355

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This processing pipeline includes several steps such as vignetting correction without reference or background image, integrated distortion correction, pairwise registration between adjacent scan images and fusion using Voronoi cells and Laplacian blending. A detailed description of the stitching algorithm as well as its performance are presented elsewhere [26]. This stitching algorithm is deployed in Amazon Web Services using a docker container.…”

Section: Remote Telemedicine Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Portable Robotic Mobile Microscope for Remote Diagnosis of Global Health Diseases

García-Villena¹,

Torres²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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Microscopy plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of numerous diseases. However, the need for trained microscopists and pathologists, the complexity of pathology, and the accessibility and affordability of the technology can hinder the provision of rapid and high-quality diagnoses and healthcare. In this work, we present an affordable, 3D-printed, portable, robotic, mobile-based slide scanning microscope. The proposed device is composed of electronic, mechanical, and optical modules operated via smartphone with a control app. The device is connected and fully integrated with a telemedicine web platform, where digitized microscopy images can be remotely visualized and analyzed. The robotic scanner, which has approximately 1-µm resolution, has been evaluated in two clinical scenarios with histology and stool samples. The results showed sufficient image quality for performing a proper diagnosis in all cases under study.

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Section: Remote Telemedicine Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Portable Robotic Mobile Microscope for Remote Diagnosis of Global Health Diseases

García-Villena¹,

Torres²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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“…All such systems support Z‐stacking. There are only few reports of systems that require manual positioning 55,79 . Since many systems use 3‐D printed parts, 55,61,67,79 their cost is far lower than the ones using off‐the‐shelf opto‐mechanical components.…”

Section: Slide Imaging Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most systems use stand‐alone digital cameras for imaging, with CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensors being the new favourites owing to their lower cost and increasingly comparative performance to CCD (charge‐coupled device) sensors. Mobile phone cameras have been utilized for slide imaging too, though their closed source design (and hence impedance to interfacing with custom control systems) bars useful automation 68,73,79 . Thus, while these systems usefully exploit the ubiquity of mobile phones, it is a cumbersome task to obtain a slide image that consists of more than a few microscopy images.…”

Section: Slide Imaging Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are only few reports of systems that require manual positioning. 55,79 Since many systems use 3-D printed parts, 55,61,67,79 their cost is far lower than the ones using off-the-shelf opto-mechanical components. However, the positional accuracy (especially along the optical axis) is a concern for the low-cost systems and thus they need to implement stop-and-focus scanning.…”

Section: Comparison Of Recent Research Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent technical advances in whole slide imaging instrumentation

Katare

Gorthi

2021

Journal of Microscopy

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Microscopic observation of biological specimen smears is the mainstay of diagnostic pathology, as defined by the Digital Pathology Association. Though automated systems for this are commercially available, their bulky size and high cost renders them unusable for remote areas. The research community is investing much effort towards building equivalent but portable, low‐cost systems. An overview of such research is presented here, including a comparative analysis of recent reports. This paper also reviews recently reported systems for automated staining and smear formation, including microfluidic devices; and optical and computational automated microscopy systems including smartphone‐based devices. Image pre‐processing and analysis methods for automated diagnosis are also briefly discussed. It concludes with a set of foreseeable research directions that could lead to affordable, integrated and accurate whole slide imaging systems.

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“…Therefore, the literature approaches recommended for the creation of panoramic images with a wide-view sample in the microscopic system are explained by two different titles as 2D microscopic image stitching and 3D microscopic image stitching in this study. (1) 2D microscopic ımage stitching approaches: Literature studies related to 2D microscopic image stitching can be classified as follows: (i) Improving the efficiency of 2D panoramic image with a wide-view of the sample in the microscopic system, where a new pre-processing stage or algorithm was proposed to crate the 2D panoramic image with less noisy and seamless overlapping areas [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. (ii) Accelerate the 2D microscopic image stitching system, where researchers developed a tool or algorithm to provide more accurate and rapid 2D panoramic imaging with a wide-view of the sample [12][13][14][15][16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A hybrid technique using modified ICP algorithm for faster and automatic 2D & 3D microscopic image stitching in cytopathologic examination

Doğan¹,

Kablan²,

Ekinci³

et al. 2021

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Due to the limitations of the light microscopic system such as limited depth of field and narrow field of view, entire sample areas are invisible and pathologists move the light microscope stage along the X -Y -Z axes with eye-hand coordination. In order to reduce the dependence on the pathologist and to allow whole sample areas to be examined in a short time without any control (without eye-hand coordination), this study creates 2D & 3D panoramic images with wide-view of sample in the light microscopic systems. According to our literature research, there is no study that creates 2D & 3D panoramic images in the microscopic system together. For this reason, it is thought that our study, which is the first one in which 2D & 3D panoramic images are created together in the light microscopic system, will be one of the pioneering studies in this field. Literature studies generally utilize specific microscope types such as laser, stereo and confocal, where 3D shape of the sample is extracted automatically and only 2D & 3D microscopic image stitching techniques are performed. Unlike these studies, due to the use of the light microscope which is requires a procedure to extract the 3D structure of the sample, this study contains an extra phase which creates 2D & 3D adjacent images using series of multi-focus 2D adjacent images before 2D & 3D microscopic image stitching technique. Moreover, a hybrid 2D & 3D microscopic image stitching technique which uses modified ıterative closest point algorithm and combines the stages of 2D and 3D image-based 2D & 3D image stitching techniques is developed in this study. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the proposed study are performed on real microscope image data sets from samples prepared for cytopathologic examination in the light microscopic system. Our hybrid technique creates 2D panoramic images whose values of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), correlation coefficient (CC), entropy and average gradient are computed respectively as 30.4267, 0.9997, 7.4670 and 122.2510 and 3D panoramic images whose values of PSNR, universal quality index, root mean square error, CC, kurtosis metric and standard deviation are computed respectively as 17.7458, 0.9702, 8.9230, 0.8702, 5.4981 and 31.006, which are the best values when compared with well-established studies. Moreover, the proposed hybrid technique with 9.8403 and 23.5902 (s) execution times accelerates the process of automatic 2D & 3D panoramic imaging.

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Stitching Methodology for Whole Slide Low-Cost Robotic Microscope Based on a Smartphone

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

3D-Printed Portable Robotic Mobile Microscope for Remote Diagnosis of Global Health Diseases

3D-Printed Portable Robotic Mobile Microscope for Remote Diagnosis of Global Health Diseases

Recent technical advances in whole slide imaging instrumentation

A hybrid technique using modified ICP algorithm for faster and automatic 2D & 3D microscopic image stitching in cytopathologic examination

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