Stir bar sorptive extraction of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan from soil, sediment and sludge with in situ derivatization and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Casas-Ferreira, Ana María; Möder, Monika; Laespada, María Esther Fernández

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.055

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…MDLs for PCBs, OCPs, BFRs, DPs and musks in sediments in the present study via GC-MS/MS were equivalent or lower than those previously reported using GC-MS/MS [23,34][44] The MDLs of those compounds in biota in the present study were generally two to three orders lower than previously reported MDLs using GC-MS/MS [25,34,43] MDLs of MTCS, TCS, TBBPA and HBCD isomers in the present study were also one to several orders lower than previous studies [32,[45][46][47][48][49][50]. For example, detection limits of MTCS and TCS in sediment and biota were previously reported in the range of 0.16-0.37 ng/g and 2 ng/g, respectively, when previously analyzed by GC-MS [45,46]. Also, previously reported detection limits of TBBPA and HBCD isomers in sediment and biota using LC-MS/MS were in range of 1.6-2.7 ng/g and 0.01-0.5 ng/g, respectively [48][49][50].…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Multi-residue Analytical Methodscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Co-extraction and simultaneous determination of multi-class hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine sediments and biota using GC-EI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS

Zhang

Bayen

Kelly

2015

Talanta

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Section: Comparison With Previous Multi-residue Analytical Methodscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Co-extraction and simultaneous determination of multi-class hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine sediments and biota using GC-EI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS

Zhang

Bayen

Kelly

2015

Talanta

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“…This technique is easy to use and sensitive, with LODs that are satisfactory for both analytes and are in the same order than other studies (Casas-Ferreira et al, 2011) relying on more conventional approaches such as SPE and Soxhlet extraction. Advantages of SBSE include cost effectivity, less solvent consumption, less sample manipulation and faster analysis times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Later purification and preconcentration of the extracts is often required; SPE is one of the techniques more widely used for this purpose (Cueva-Mestanza et al, 2008 andChu andMetcalfe, 2007). Recently, SBSE also has been applied in soil samples (Casas-Ferreira et al, 2011), for the extraction of some organic compounds, minimizing manipulation of the extracts. We have gone a step beyond by combining PLE with simultaneous in-cell clean-up purification of the extracts, avoiding further manipulation of the sample (Canosa et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

2014

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h i g h l i g h t sSimultaneous extraction of TCS and MTCS by SBSE-LD and PLE-in-cell-clean up. Analysis of estuarine sediment and water samples and from photodegradation assays. Distribution of analytes in estuaries depends on wastewater sources and tides. TCS can be both photodegraded or converted to MTCS in estuaries. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tWe have developed a method for the analysis of two sewage-derived contaminants: triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, and methyl triclosan (MTCS), a TCS metabolite. For solid samples (4 g), extraction and cleanup were integrated into the same step using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cellclean-up (1 g of florisil). The extraction was performed using dichloromethane at 100°C, 1500 psi and 3 static extraction cycles of 5 min each. For water samples (100 mL), stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption (SBSE-LD) was used. Bars were stirred for 10 h and analytes were later desorbed using acetonitrile. Finally, MTCS and a silylated derivative of TCS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recovery experiments in water and sediments were performed and the results ranged from 67% to 78%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 5 ng L À1 for TCS and 1 ng L À1 for MTCS, in water samples, and 0.1 ng g À1 for TCS and MTCS in solid samples. The method was applied then to determine the levels of these compounds in the estuary of Guadalete River (SW Spain). TCS and MTCS concentrations up to 9.6 ng g À1 in sediments and 310 ng L À1 in water were measured. Their distribution was strongly influenced by the presence of wastewater sources, treated and untreated, along the sampling area, where maximum concentrations were detected. Highest values were reached in the water column during low tides as the water volume in the estuary becomes lower.

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“…Different extraction methods to accelerate and miniaturize the process (sample size and organic solvent volumes), searching for cost-effective solutions have been evaluated [33]. Most applications of these miniaturized techniques have focused on liquid samples with little attention on solids [32,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that TCS is acutely and chronically toxic to aquatic organisms, such as adult zebrafish and embryo/larvae (96 h LC 50 00. 34 and 0.42 mg L −1 , respectively) [10]. According to the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, TCS has been detected in fish tissue with bioaccumulation factors of 3,700 to 8,400 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized extraction methods of triclosan from aqueous and fish roe samples. Bioconcentration studies in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio)

Gonzalo-Lumbreras

Sanz‐Landaluze

Guinea³

et al. 2012

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Triclosan, an antibacterial and antifungal agent, is widely used in household and personal care products, processed foods and food packaging, etc., and thus also released into the environment. Triclosan is acutely and chronically toxic to aquatic organisms and bioaccumulates in fish tissue. Here, we propose a new miniaturized triclosan extraction method for aqueous and fish roe samples, based on the use of a vortex mixer and an ultrasonic probe, respectively, and useful for triclosan determination by gas chromatography coupled to a micro electron capture detector. Different solvents for extraction and sorbents for clean-up purposes were tested. Multivariate optimization of the variables affecting ultrasonic extraction (ultrasound radiation amplitude, sonication time, sample temperature, and the ratio of sample amount and extracting volume) was carried out. Solvent extraction using ethyl acetate and further clean-up with mixed bed cartridges with two layers of Florisil® and Florisil® impregnated with 10% sulfuric acid only for fish roe samples was finally selected. Extraction efficiencies of up to 95% and 90%, and detection limits of 0.165 ng ml(-1) and 2.7 ng g(-1) for aqueous and fish roe samples were obtained, respectively. The optimized method was used in bioconcentration studies with zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio), as an alternative method to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development technical guideline 305. Bioconcentration values, BCF = 2,630 and 2,018 at exposure concentrations of 30 and 3 μg L(-1), respectively, were assessed. These results are in agreement with those reported in the literature, showing the feasibility of the method for estimation of toxicokinetic parameters and bioconcentration factors using zebrafish larvae instead of adult fishes, reducing considerable animal testing, as suggested by the European legislation.

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Stir bar sorptive extraction of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan from soil, sediment and sludge with in situ derivatization and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 69 publications

References 50 publications

Co-extraction and simultaneous determination of multi-class hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine sediments and biota using GC-EI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS

Co-extraction and simultaneous determination of multi-class hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine sediments and biota using GC-EI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

Miniaturized extraction methods of triclosan from aqueous and fish roe samples. Bioconcentration studies in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio)

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